Final Project: Design of an Electric Vehicle

1.) MATLAB model of the electric car which uses a battery and a DC motor

  system level configuration

  Model parameters

  Results

  Conclusion

every parameter and construction and structure is provided in detail

this the model of an electric vehicle, which contains the drive cycle and power converter, and battery developed in the vehicle body 

power converter

 A power converter can convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) and vice versa; change the voltage or frequency of the current or do some combination of these. The power converter can be as simple as a transformer or a far more complex system, such as a resonant converter.

                         the picture shows each parts connection and operation in the power converter the dc motor is used for motor operation, H bridge, controlled PWM voltage, voltage sensor, and current sensor .every devices specific parameter is provided

 DC motor

A DC motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. In a DC motor, the input electrical energy is the direct current which is transformed into mechanical rotation.

specification of parameter :

no load speed 10000 rpm

rated of the load 70 KW

rated of speed 9000 rpm

rated dc supply voltage  350 v

rotor inertia 0.01g*m^2

H bridge

The H-bridge arrangement is generally used to reverse the polarity/direction of the motor, but can also be used to 'brake' the motor, where the motor comes to a sudden stop when the motor's terminals are connected. Its name derives from the fact that switching transistors are designed in an 'H' configuration. Mainly used for forward and reverse control in DC motors, it can also be found in latching relay drive circuits.

 the picture the above will show the parameter set for H bridge

controlled PWM voltage 

PWM signals help to regulate the voltage of digital pulses. With PWM, a digital output consisting of a series of high or “on” and low or “off” pulses controls a motor or other types of analog devices

 specification of parameter :

PWM frequency 1000 hz

simulation mode average

input voltage in the duty cycle is 1 v

 power converter graph of current and voltage and values

 drive cycle 

A drive cycle is typically represented by a series of data points that plots vehicle speed against time. Driving cycles are produced to assess the performance of vehicles in various ways, including fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The IDC is a short cycle comprising six driving cycle modes of 108 seconds. The IDC does not cover the complex driving conditions observed on Indian roads. The average speed of IDC is 21.9 km/h (covering 3.94 km), which is high in congested cities and low for rural roads or highways

 . 

Drive cycle FTP75

longitudinal drive

The Longitudinal Driver block implements a longitudinal speed-tracking controller. Based on reference and feedback velocities, the block generates normalized acceleration and braking commands that can vary from 0 to 1. Of the two, longitudinal acceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity in the direction of the vehicle's longitudinal axis. It is the core parameter describing vehicle kinematic behavior and driver behavior at the micro level

 distance configuration

drive cycle FTP75 graph of reference and vehicle speed and their values 

battery

Most of today's all-electric vehicles and PHEVs use lithium-ion batteries, though the exact chemistry often varies from that of consumer electronics batteries. A Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is a rechargeable battery used in electric vehicles and many portable electronics. They have a higher energy density than typical lead-acid or nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries. Currently, the cost of replacing an electric car's battery is ₹15,000-20,000 per kWh (a mid-range car's battery is 30-40 Kwh). 

specification of parameters :

AC power supply

battery type lithium-ion

nominal voltage 350 V

rated capacity 150 Ah

initial state of charge is 100%

battery response at 30 sec in time

battery values in the graph of SOC and current and distance

 vehicle body

 Vehicle body means that portion of the Motor Vehicle mounted on the chassis or frame or unibody, including fenders, bumpers, windshields, glass, and similar components of motor vehicle bodies as distinguished from the chassis, seats, motor, transmission, air conditioning condenser, radiator and other accessories for propulsion and general running gear of motor vehicles.

specific parameter

 mass 1616.15 kg

number of the wheel per axle 2

horizontal distance from CG to front axle 1.6 m

horizontal distance from CG to rear axle 1.9 m

CG height above ground 0.5 m

gravitational acceleration 9.81

frontal area 2.1 m^2

drag coefficient 0.38

air density 1.23 kg/m^3

simple gear 

 

 

A gear (also called a cogwheel) is a type of simple machine that is used to manipulate the magnitude or direction of a force. Gears are used in combination and are linked together by their teeth - referred to as cogs - to form a "gear train".

 

 

specification of parameter :

 

efficient is 0.85

 

power threshold 0.001

 

four-wheel tire as the same parameter

 

conclusion 

 

       the Simulink model is a classic car model which a simple design  consisting of da rive cycle and battery and power converter containing a DC motor and vehicle body all this gives the specific parameter for a vehicle to be in motion 

 

graph value of vehicle speed calculation