Fender Design - Wheel Arch Challenge

Fender is a term used for the part of an automobile, motorcycle, or other vehicle body that frames a wheel well. Its primary purpose is to prevent sand, mud, rocks, liquids, and other road spray from being thrown into the air by the rotating tire. Fenders are typically rigid and can be damaged by contact with the road surface.

Sticky materials such as mud may adhere to the smooth outer tire surface, while smooth loose objects, such as stones, can be temporarily embedded in the tread grooves as the tire rolls over the ground. These materials can be ejected from the surface of the tire at a high velocity as the tire imparts kinetic energy to the attached objects. For a vehicle moving forward, the top of the tire rotates upward and onward and can throw objects into the air at other vehicles or pedestrians in front of the vehicle.