Creation of geometries by Coordinate system methods using AutoCad
AIM:
- To create the given geometries and trusses in AutoCAD, using the different coordinate system methods and the line and circle drawing tools.
- Geometries P-1 and P-2 drawn using all coordinate systems, and each of the remaining geometries are drawn using any one of the coordinate systems or the direct distance entry method.
INTRODUCTION:
Coordinate Systems:
- Coordinate system is a system where numbers are used to determine the unique position of points and/or other geometric elements.
- Also coordinates in AutoCAD can be set by mouse, input (setting) the values of coordinates in the command line and enter coordinates using dynamic input.
The various coordinate systems are:
- Absolute coordinate systems.
- Relative coordinate systems.
- Relative rectangular coordinates.
- Relative polar coordinates.
- Direct distance entry.
- Absolute Coordinate System: In this system all points are established at some distance in the x & y-axis (sometimes z-axis) from a common origin (usually 0,0).
- Relative Coordinate System: The location of a Relative coordinate is defined by its distance from a reference point. In AutoCAD, when using this system the first point of the drawing/geometry is always absolute, i.e. it is established with respect to origin (0,0) and then all the successive positions are established with respect to their preceding point. This system is further classified as-
- Relative rectangular coordinates: It is a coordinate system that specifies each point by a pair of numerical coordinates in the x-axis and y-axis. In this system the points succeeding the first point are typed in as ‘@x,y’ in the command line.
- Relative polar coordinates: This system specifies the distance (length) and angle of a particular point with respect to its previous point. In Relative polar coordinate system, points are established by typing ‘@distance<angle’ [ENTER] in the command line.
- Direct distance entry method: It is another popular method used for drawing different shapes/geometries in AutoCAD. Direct distance entry method enables the user to draw an object by simply pointing the cursor in the desired direction and entering the required distance in the command line.
- Line command
- Dimlinear comman
- Text command
- Circle command.
PROCEDURE:
Starting AutoCAD software:
- Go to START MENU, select AutoCAD 2023.
- Click on START DRAWING
- In the Command line type in: STARTUP [ENTER]
- Enter new value of startup: 1
- Go to Application Menu and select New
- In the ‘Create New Drawing’ dialog box, we select the ‘Imperial’ system in the ‘Start from Scratch’ option.
- Next we select the ‘Engineering’ unit system from the ‘Advanced Setup’ option.
[Note: The above procedure is followed each time a new drawing is to be created.]
Create the geometries for P1 using all the coordinates system methods :

- Absolute cooardinate system:
- Select line tool from the ribbon tab/ write line in comand box, it will show "specify the first point"
- Now,
- Enter the first point as (2,1).
- Next, The command ask to enter next point.
- Specify the next point as ( 8,1 )
-
Specify the next point as ( 8,2 )
-
Specify the next point as ( 3,2 )
-
Specify the next point as ( 3,6 )
-
Specify the next point as ( 8,6 )
-
Specify the next point as ( 8,7 )
-
Specify the next point as ( 2,7 )
-
Specify the next point as ( 2,1 ), else click on the close in commond prompt.
RESULT:

- Relative Rectangular coordinate system
Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @6,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @-5,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @5,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @-6,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
RESULT:

- Relative Polar coordinate system
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @6<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @1<90 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @5<180 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<90 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @5<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @1<90 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @6<180 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
RESULT:

LINE
Specify first point: 2,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: @6,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @1<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @5<180
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @4<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @5<0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @1<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @6<180
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C
- Direct Distance Entry method :
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Enter the length of point 2 as 6 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 3 as 1 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 4 as 5 in the command line towards -ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 6 as 5 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 7 as 1 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 8 as 6 in the command line towards -ve x-axis.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
RESULT:

LINE
Specify first point: 2,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 6
Specify next point or [Undo]: U
Specify next point or [Undo]: 6
Specify next point or [Undo]: 1
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 1
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: U
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 1
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C
Create the geometries for P2 using all the coordinates system methods.

- Absolute cooardinate system:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 5,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 5,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 6,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 6,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 9,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 7,8 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 4,8 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
RESULT:

Command: L
LINE
Specify first point: 2,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 5,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 5,5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6,5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6,1
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 9,1
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 7,8
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 4,8
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
- Relative Rectangular coordinate system
Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @1,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,-4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @-2,7 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @-3,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
RESULT:

Command: L
LINE
Specify first point: 2,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: @3,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @1,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-2,7
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-3,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
- Relative Polar coordinate system
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @3<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @4<90 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @1<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<270 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @3<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @7<106 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @3<180 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
RESULT:


Command: L
LINE
Specify first point: 2,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: @3<0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @4<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @1<0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @4<270
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3<0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @7<106
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3<180
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
- Direct Distance Entry method :
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Enter the length of point 2 as 3 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 3 as 4 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 4 as 1 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards -ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 6 as 3 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 7 as 7 in the command line at an angle of <106 from +ve x-direction while keeping
polar tracking on. - Enter the length of point 8 as 3 in the command line towards -ve x-axis.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.

RESULT:

Command: l
LINE
Specify first point: 2,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 3
Specify next point or [Undo]: 4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 1
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 7
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Steps for creating the geometry in P-4 using Absolute coordinate system :

Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 3,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 3,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 5,3 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 7,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 7,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 3,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 8,8 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as 7,8 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as 5,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 11 as 3,8 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 12 as 2,8 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
Result:

Command: L
LINE
Specify first point: 2,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 3,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 3,5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5,3
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 7,5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 7,1
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 8,1
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 8,8
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 7,8
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5,5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3,8
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 2,8
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Steps for creating the geometry in P-5 using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @1,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,7 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @5,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,-6 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 asl-3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,-1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @4,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @0,8 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @-7,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
Result:

Command: L
LINE
Specify first point: 2,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: @1,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,7
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @5,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-6
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-3,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-1
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @4,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,8
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-7,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Steps for creating the geometry in P-7 using Absolute coordinate system

Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE command in the command tab
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 10,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 10,7 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 2,7 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE command in the command tab.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3,2 in the command line
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 5,2 in the command line
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 5,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 3,5 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line
- Select the Line tool by entering LINE command in the command tab
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as 6,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as 8,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 11 as 8,5 in the command line
- Specify the next coordinate of point 12 as 6,5 in the command line
- Click Close' on the command line
RESULT:

Command: L
LINE
Specify first point: 2,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 10,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 10,7
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 2,7
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Command: L
LINE
Specify first point: 3,2
Specify next point or [Undo]: 5,2
Specify next point or [Undo]: 5,5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3,5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Command: L
LINE
Specify first point: 6,2
Specify next point or [Undo]: 8,2
Specify next point or [Undo]: 8,5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6,5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Steps for creating the geometry in P-8 using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 0,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @10,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @-4,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @-8,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @0,-2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @3,0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 11 as @0.-4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 12 as @-4,0 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
RESULT:

Command: L
LINE
Specify first point: 0,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @10,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,2
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-4,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,2
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-8,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-2
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-4,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Steps for creating the geometry in P-9 using Absolute coordinate system

Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 6,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 6,3 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 3,3 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 2,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 2,4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 5,4 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as 5,6 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as 1,8 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
RESULT:

Command: L
LINE
Specify first point: 1,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 6,1
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 6,3
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3,3
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 3,2
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 2,2
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 2,4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5,4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5,6
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 1,8
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Steps for creating the geometry in P-10 using Relative Polar coordinate system

Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @2<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @3<90 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @3<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 5<180 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<90 in the command line.
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @3<0 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 5,2 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @2<90 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @3<180 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.

LINE
Specify first point: 1,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: @2<0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @3<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3<0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @4<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @5<180
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @7<270
LINE
Specify first point: 2,5
Specify next point or [Undo]: @3<0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @2<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @3<180
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Steps for creating the Wood Profile Using Direct Distance Entry methods :

Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 0,0 in the command line.
- Enter the length of point 2 as 10 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 3 as 1 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 4 as 2 in the command line towards -ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards +ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 6 as 2 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 7 as 5.831 in the command line at an angle of <149.036 from +ve x-direction while
keeping polar tracking on. - Enter the length of point 8 as 5.831 in the command line at an angle of <210.964 from +ve x-direction while
keeping polar tracking on. - Enter the length of point 9 as 2 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Enter the length of point 10 as 5 in the command line towards -ve y-axis.
- Enter the length of point 11 as 2 in the command line towards +ve x-axis.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
- Select the Circle tool by entering 'CIRCLE' command in the command tab.
- Specify centre point of circle as 5,4.
- Specify radius of circle as 2.
Result:

Steps for creating the Queen Post Truss Using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @0,4in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @3.536,0in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @3.536,-3.536 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,-4 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Select the Line tool again by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Join the points 2 and 4.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Select the Line tool again by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 4.536,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @-2.536,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @0,-1 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Select the Line tool again by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the coordinate of point 6 as 4.536,5 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 9 as @2.536.1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 10 as @0,-1 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
- Select the Line tool again by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Join points 3 and 6
- Press Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
RESULT:

Steps for creating the Mono Pitch using Absolute coordinate system

Procedure:
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 7,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 7,3 in the command line.
- Click 'Close' on the command line.
- Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 3,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3,1.667 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 5,1 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 5,2.333 in the command line.
- Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 7,1 in the command line.
- Press 'Esc' to cancel the LINE command.
RESULT:
