Creation of geometries by Coordinate system methods using AutoCad

AIM: To create the given geometries and trusses in AutoCAD, using the different coordinate system methods and the line and circle drawing tools and also finding the missing dimensions.

Geometries P-1 and P-2 drawn using all coordinate systems, and each of the remaining geometries are drawn using any one of the coordinate systems or the direct distance entry method.

INTRODUCTION:

Coordinate Systems: Coordinate system is a system where numbers are used to determine the unique position of points and/or other geometric elements.

The various coordinate systems are:

1. Absolute Coordinate System: In this system all points are established at some distance in the x & y-axis (sometimes,
z-axis) from a common origin (usually 0,0).

2. Relative Coordinate System: The location of a Relative coordinate is defined by its distance from a reference point.In AutoCAD, when using this system the first point of the drawing/geometry is always absolute, i.e. it is established with respect to origin (0,0) and then all the successive positions are established with respect to their preceding point. This system is further classified as-

i. Relative rectangular coordinates: It is a coordinate system that specifies each point by a pair of numerical coordinates in the x-axis and y-axis. In this system the points succeeding the first point are typed in as '@xy' in the command line.

ii. Relative polar coordinates: This system specifies the distance (length) and angle of a particular point with respect to its previous point. In Relative polar coordinate system, points are established by typing @distance<angle' [ENTER] in the command line.

3.Direct distance entry method: It is another popular method used for drawing different shapes/geometries in AutoCAD. Direct distance entry method enables the user to draw an object by simply pointing the cursor in the desired direction and entering the required distance in the command line.

PROCEDURE:

Starting Autocad software:

• Go to Start menu, select AutoCad 2017
  
• Click on Start Drawing
• In the Commmand linr type in :Startup (Enter)
• Enter new values of startup: 1
• Go to application Menu and select new
• In the 'Create New Drawing' Dialogbox , we Select the 'Imperical' system in the 'Start from Scratch' option.
• Next we select the 'Decimal' units system from the 'Advanced setup' option.
• Set the limits by entering LIMITS in the command tab. The lower-left corner as 0,0 ; and the upper-right corner is specified as 100,100.

[Note : The above procedure is followed each time a new drawing is to be created. All Drafting are done by Line tool]

- Drafting the grometry given -

A. Using Absolute coordinate system

P1

i. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.

ii. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.

iii. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 8,1 in the command line.

iv. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 8,2 in the command line.

v. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 3,2 in the command line.

vi. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3,6 in the command line.

vii. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 8,6 in the command line.

viii. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 8,7 in the command line.

ix. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 2,7 the command line.

x. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result

A. Using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

i. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.

ii. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.

iii. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @6,0 in the command line.

iv. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,1 in the command line.

v. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @-5,0 in the command line.

vi. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,4 in the command line.

vii. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @5,0 in the command line.

viii. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,1 in the command line.

ix. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @-6,0 the command line.

x. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result

A. Using Relative Polar coordinate system

i. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.

ii. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.

iii. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @6<0 in the command line.

iv. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @1<90 in the command line.

v. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @5<180 in the command line.

vi. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<90 in the command line.

vii. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @5,90 in the command line.

viii. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @1<90 in the command line.

ix. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @6<180 the command line.

x. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result

A. Using Direct Distance coordinate system

Select Line Tool

The co-ordinates are (2,1) (6 +ve x axis) (3 +ve y axis) (5 -ve x axis) (4 +ve y axis) (5 +ve x axis) (1 +ve y axis) (6 -ve x axis) close.

Result

P2.

A. Using Absolute coordinate system

i. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.

ii. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.

iii. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 5,1 in the command line.

iv. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 5,5 in the command line.

v. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 6,5 in the command line.

vi. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 6,1 in the command line.

vii. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 9,1 in the command line.

viii. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 7,8 in the command line.

ix. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 4,8 the command line.

x. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result

A. Using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

Select Line Tool

The co-ordinates are (2,1) (@3,0) (@0,4) (@1,0) (@0,-4) (@-3,0) (2,-7) (@-3,0) Close.

Result

A. Using Relative Polar coordinate system

i. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.

ii. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.

iii. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @3<0 in the command line.

iv. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as @4<90 in the command line.

v. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as @1<0 in the command line.

vi. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<270 in the command line.

vii. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as @3<0 in the command line.

viii. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as @7<106 in the command line.

ix. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as @3<180 the command line.

x. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result

A. Using Direct Distance coordinate system

Select Line Tool

The co-ordinates are (2,1) (3 +ve x axis) (4 +ve y axis) (1 -ve x axis) (4 -ve y axis) (3 +ve x axis) (7 <106 from +ve y axis) (3 -ve x axis) close.

Result

P4.

A. Using Absolute coordinate system

i. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.

ii. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.

iii. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 3,1 in the command line.

iv. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 3,5 in the command line.

v. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 5,3 in the command line.

vi. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 7,5 in the command line.

vii. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 7,1 in the command line.

viii. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 8,1 the command line.

ix. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 8,8 the command line.

x. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 7,8 the command line.

xi. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 5,5 the command line.

xii. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 3,8 the command line.

xiii. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 2,8 the command line.

xiv. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result

P5.

A. Using Absolute coordinate system

i. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.

ii. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.

iii. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @1,0 in the command line.

iv. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 0,7 in the command line.

v. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 5,0 in the command line.

vi. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 0 in the command line.

vii. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 8,6 in the command line.

viii. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 8,7 in the command line.

ix. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 2,7 the command line.

x. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result

P6.

A. Using Absolute coordinate system

i. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.

ii. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2,1 in the command line.

iii. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 10,1 in the command line.

iv. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 10,7 in the command line.

v. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 2,7 in the command line.

vi. Click close

vii. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab

viii. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3,2 in the command line.

ix. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 5,2 in the command line.

x. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 5,5 in the command line.

xi. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 3,5 the command line.

xii. Click Close

xiii. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.

xiv. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 6,2 the command line.

xv. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 8,2 the command line.

xvi. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 8,5 the command line.

xvii. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 6,5 the command line.

xviii. Click 'Close' on the command line.

Result

P8.

A. Using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

The co-ordinates are (2,0) (@4,0) (@0,4) (@-3,0) (@0,2) (@8,0) (@0,-2) (@-3,0) (@0,-4) (@0,-2) (@10,0)

Result

P9.

A. Using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

Select Line Tool

The co-ordinates are (1,1) (@2,0) (@0,3) (@0,4) (@-5,0) (@0,-7) (@2,7) (@3,0) (@0,-2) (@-3,0) (@0,2)

Result

P10.

A. Using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

Select Line Tool

The co-ordinates are (1,1) (@2,0) (@0,3) (@3,0) (@0,4) (@-5,0) (@0,-7) (@2,7) (@3,0) (@0,-2) (@-3,0) (@0,2) close.

Result

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Drafting the Profile-

1.

A. Using Direct Distance Method coordinate system

Select Line Tool

The co-ordinates are (0,0) (10 +ve x axis) (31+ve y axis) (2 -ve x axis) (4 +ve y axis) (2 +ve x axis) (8.31 <149.036 +ve x axis) (5.831 <210.964 +ve x axis) (2 +ve x axis) (5 -ve y axis) (2 -ve x axis) close.

Select Circle Tool, Specify centre Point of circle as (5,4) and give radius as 2.

Result

2.

A. Using Relative Rectangular coordinate system

Select Line Tool

The co-ordinates are (1,1) (@4,0) (@3.536, 3.536) (@3.536,-3.536) (@0,-4) Cancel line Command.

Take line command and co-ordinates are (@4.536,5) (@2.536,1) (@0,-1) (@3,0) (@0,-2) (@-3,0) (@0,2)

Cancel line Command.

Take Line command again and co-ordinates are (@4.536,5) (@2.536,1) (@3,0) (@0,-1)

Cancel the line command and again select Line tool and join points 3 and 6.

Result

3.

A. Using Absolute coordinate system

i. Select the Line tool by entering 'LINE' command in the command tab.

ii. Specify the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1,1 in the command line.

iii. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as 7,1 in the command line.

iv. Specify the next coordinate of point 3 as 7,3 in the command line.

v. Click close line command and slect Line Tool.

vi. Specify the next coordinate of point 4 as 3,1 in the command line.

vii. Specify the next coordinate of point 5 as 3, 1.667 in the command line.

viii. Specify the next coordinate of point 6 as 5,1 in the command line.

ix. Specify the next coordinate of point 7 as 5, 2.333 in the command line.

x. Specify the next coordinate of point 8 as 7,1 the command line.

Result

Result :

• The geometries are clearly mentioned in all drawings, and missing dimensions are also shown in fig.
• Using all co-ordinate systems all the drawings are clearly drawn with step from P1-P2 drawings.
• The profile and Trusses are drawn successfully by using co-ordinate systems.