Creating 3D Isometric view of various structural elements in AutoCAD

1.ANS:

AIM: TO DRAW THE 3D ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE BUILDING AS SSHOWN IN THE FIGURE.

INTRODUCTION.:

Aplan view of all of two elevation views of windows on both sides are given and they are to be converted into a 3D model. 2 window openings on the both sides are given with details are regarding the frame dimensions, mullion dimensions and handle heoght. The thickness of bottom floor and top roof are also given also, 4" and 6" respectively. The height of floor given as10', height of window from the floor is 3'.

PROCEDURE:

OPEN AUTOCAD

In startup settings start from scratch select imperial (feet and inches)
.

Open grid and snap settings.

1. Change snap and grid spacing to 1'.

2. Change major line every grid line to 10

3. Turn off adaptive grid.

Type "un" in command box and press enter.

change units type decimal and precision to 1'1/16" and insertion scale to inches.

Change the workspace setting of autocad from drafting and annotation to 3D modelling.

STEP - 1: Creating layers.

Open layer properties and create new layers by clicking in new layer or right click on any layer and select new layer to create new layer

STEP - 2: Creating layers.

Change current layer to 3D _ wall

1. Create a rectangle of dimensions10'9"x10'9" at any point on the screen.

2. Offset the recrtangle to inside to distance of 9" as wall thickness.

3. Delete the left and bottom lines and extenf them to the edges as shown in figure.

4. Draw the window with dimensions 3'2" at top and 3' on right as shown in the figure.

STEP - 3: Creating 3D view.

Change the view of 3D by clicking on home button of view cube.

set UCS as world.

1. Create the boundaries for the walls using "BO" Command.

2. Extrude the boundaries created to total height of 10'10".

3. Select the all the wall use group command to group then together.

4. Draw rectangles at both windows and chenge them to boundaries using boundary command.

5. Extrude both rectangles drawn to height of 3'4" as shown in the figure.

6. Draw rectangles at top of both window openings and change them to boundaries using boundary command.

7. Draw a rectangle from bottom part of window with dimensions @3',4'

Type UCS anad click on face and select the face having 3'2" wide window.

8. Draw a rectangle from bottom part window with dimensions @3'2",4'.

Change the ucs back to world.

9. Extrude the rectangle drawn at top side to top edge of window.

10. Group all the wall components together.

STEP - 4: Creating elevation windows:

top view:

Wndow at elevation A.

Change the current layer to 3d_window_frame.

Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3' wide window.

1. Draw a rectangle of dimension @3',4'.

2. Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 3"

3. Offset the offset rectangle to inside to distance of 4".

Start the boundary command and click on pick points.

4. Click inside the window frame area and press enter.

Start SUBSTRACT Command.

5. Select the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to substract them.

Follows the same procedure for all the three boxes as shown in figure,

Start the boundary command and click on pick points,

6. Click inside the window mulion area press enter.

Start SUBSTARCT command.

7. Select the bigger region and then select the small glass region to substract.

start the boundary command and click on pick points.

8. Click inside the window glass area press enter.

All the layers are extruded to given window projection look as shown in the figure.

Window at elevation B.:

top view:

Type UCS and click on face and select the face having 3'2" wide window.

1. Draw a rectangle of dimensions @3'2",4".

2. Offset the rectangle to inside to distane=ce of 3".

3. Offset the offset rectangle to inside to distance of 4".

change the layer for all the boxes respectively.

start the boundary command and click on pick points.

Click inside the window frame area and press enter.

STEP - 5; creating elevetion view:

The windows created in step 4 are placed at its positions.

Click on home button of the view cuble and zomm for better view.

Go to visualise tab and click on the view.

1. Set the name as VIEW 1.

2. Click on current view and press ok

click on the NE isometric view of the view cube and zomm for better view.

3.Set view name as VIEW 2.

Click on the top view of the view cube and zoom for better view.

4. Set view name as VIEW 3.

5. Click on current view and press ok.

RESULT:

Initially all the layers necessary are created with respective lines types and line weights.

Then plan view is drawn as shown in step 2, then from step 3 the 3d view is created with respective layers assigned.

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN FEET AND INCHES.

TEXT AND DIMENSIONS ARE ADDED WITH RESPECTIVE LAYERS.

2. ANS:

AIM: TO DRAW THE 3D BUILDING FACSDE AS GIVEN IN THE PLAN AND ELEVATION.

INTRODUCTION:

A plan view of all wall and two elevation views, one is of a window details and second is of floor level elevations are given and they are to be converted into a 3D model. One window opening on front side is given with details regaring the frame dimensions, two mulion dimensions.

PROCEDURE:

Open autocad

In startup settings start from scratch select imperial feet and inches.

1. Change snap and grid spacing to 1'.

2. Change major line every grid line to 10.

3. Turnoff adaptive grid.

TYPE " UN" in command box and press enter

Chnage units type to decimal and precision to 1'1/16" and insertion scale to inches.

Change the workspace setting of autocad from drafting and annotation to 3D modeling.

STEP - 1: Creating layers:

Opwn layer properties and create a new layers by clicking on new layer or right click on any layer to create new layer.

STEP - 2: Creating 2D plan view:

Create a rectangle of dimensions 6'9"x10'9" at any point on the screen offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 9" as wall thickness.

Explode the rectangle drawn , delete the top line and extend them to the edges.

Change current layer

3D_ window _ frame

Creating the window opening of dimensions 3' wide as shown in the figure add dimensions are drawn using dimension layer.

STEP - 3: Creating 3D view:

Change the view of 3d by clicking on home button of view cube

Set UCS as world

Set the view style control as REALISTIC

Createnthe boundaries for the walls using 'BO' Command.

Extrude the boundaries created to total height of 10'10".

Select the all the wall and use the group command to group then together delete the window lines.

Create a boundary region over the window lines.

Extrude the boundary to a height of 4'6".

STEP - 4: Creating elevation windows

4' Wide window

Change the current layer to 3d _ window _ frame.

Type UCS and click on face select the face having 3' wide window/

Draw a rectangle of dimension @3',4'.

Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 2".

Offset the offset rectangle to inside to distance of 3".

Draw center line connecting midpoints.

Trim the unnecessary lines.

Start the boundary command and click on the pick points.

Click inside the window frame area and press enter.

Select the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to substract them.

STEP - 5: Creating elevation view;

The windows created in step 4 are placed at its positions.

Group all the items to create the elevation view.

Copy the block having 4' height window and place it 3 times.

Create the top part of the drawing using 4" wall with height 6'5" from top.

Create a boundary to 9" wall extrude the boundary .

STEP - 6: Creating views:

Click on home button of the view cuble and zoom for better view.

Set view name as VIEW 1.

Click on current view and press ok.

Set view name as VIEW 2 .

click on current view and press ok.

Set view name as VIEW 3.

Click on current view and press ok.

RESULT:

Initially all the layers necessary are created with respective line types and line weights.

Then plan view is drawn as shown in step 2.

Then from step 3 and the 3D view is created with respective layers assigned.

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE FEETS AND INCHES.

TEXT AND DIMENSIONS ARE ADDED WITH RESPECTIVE LAYERS.

3. ANS:

AIM: To draw the 3D view of a stair with railing as shown in the plan and elevation.

INTRODUCTION:

A plan view and elevation view of staircase are given and they are to be converted into a 3d model, plan view consists of number of stairs in the staircase and their horizontal dimensions of staircase.

Dimensions of vertical rails is 1" diameter.

Dimensions of hand trails is 2" diameter.

PROCEDURE:

Open autocad

In startup settings from scratch select imperial.

Change snap and grid spacing to 1'

Change major line every grid line to 10

turn off adaptive grid.

STEP - 1: Creating layers.

Open layer properties and create new layers or right click on any layer select new layer to create new layer.

STEP - 2: Creating 2D plan view of staircase.

Draw a rectangle of dimensions 3'x12'.

Explode the rectangle.

Offset the side edges to inside to a distance of 1"

Offset the bottom edge to upside 12 times to a distance of 1'.

STEP - 3: Creating side view:

Start line command and draw a vertical line of length 6".

Draw a horizontal line of length of 1'.

Repeat the same process for 12 times to draw 12 steps.

After racing 12 steps draw a landing of length of 3'.

Draw a line of 1' at the bottom step.

Draw a line of 6"at the top right edge of landing.

Draw a line of 1'6" backwards.

Draw a slab joining the lines.

STEP - 4: Creating 3D view:

Create a region from the side view of the stairs.

Extrude the side view to a distance of 3' as shown in the figure.

HAND RAILS.

Draw circle of diameter 1" with 2" offset drom the top right edges of the first thread of staircase.

Change the circle into a region.

Extrude the region to a height of 3'.

Draw a hand trail stand at the bottom with dimension 2" and extrude.

Using the copy command all the hand trail components an all stairs with same offset.

Copy the same to the other side .

Draw a polyline connecting all the edges of hand trails.

Change the UCS to front.

Draw a circle of diameter 2" on top of the first hand trail.

Create a region of the circle drawn.

Select the circle as object to sweep.

Copy the same to the other side.

STEP - 5: Creating views:

Set view name as VIEW 1.

Click on current view and press ok.

Set view name as VIEW 2.

Click on current view and press ok.

Set view name as VIEW 3.

Click on current view and press ok.

RESULT:

Initially all the layers necessary are created with respective line types and line weights.

Then plan view and side elevation view are drawn as shown in step 2 and 3.

Then in step 4 the 3d view is created with respective layers assigned.

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN FEETS AND INCHES.

TEXT AND DIMENSIONS ARE ADDED WITH RESPECTIVE LAYERS.

4. ANS:

AIM : To draw the 3D view of a wall with spread footing as shown in the plan and elevation.

INTRODUCTION:

A plan view and elevation view of a wall with spread footing under it are given and they are to be comnverted into a 3D model.

Spread footing is a type of footing which goes all along the length of the wall in a building.

Thickness of wall is assumed as 230mm.

Thickness of level 1 of footing is same as wall thickness i.e., 230mm.

Copying thickness of level 2 is offset of 50mm than the thickness of wall.

PROCEDURE:

Open autocad.

change snap and grid spacing to 100

change major line every grid line to 10

Turnoff adaptive grid.

STEP - 1: Creating layers:

Open layer properties and create new layers by clicking on new layer or right click on any layer and select new layer to create new layer.

STEP - 2: Creating 2d plan view of wall with spread footng.

Draw a rectangle of dimensions 670x7500.

Offset the rectangle to inside to a distance of 120mm.

Offset the offset the rectangle inside to distance of 50mm twice.

Explode all the offset rectangle

Delete the top and bottom edges of the exploded rectangles.

Extend all the rectangle to top and bottom edges of outer rectangle.

At the end select the individual lines and change their layers respectively.

Creating door Block

Draw a rectangle of dimension 50x100mm.

Draw another rectangle with dimensions of 50x50mm.

Draw a line of length 850mm from the edge.

Draw an arc line of the door swing.

Convert the door into block.

Edit the block and add flip parameters.

Create the door opening of 900mm at the middle.

Add the door block by rotating the door.

Add the door shade using respective layer.

STEP - 3: Creating the elevation view.

Draw a line of certal length.

Offset the line to bottom 25mm.

Offset the last offset line bottom to distance of 100mm.

Draw a rectangle of dimensions 230x3300 from the top left edge of ground level.

Draw roof of thickness 150mm as shown in figure.

Draw a parapet wall of height 600mm .

FOOTING LAYERS.

Draw a rectangle of dimension230 x 600, below the floor level .

Draw a rectangle of dimension 330 x 400, below the first level.

Draw a rectangle of dimension 430X400, below the second level.

Draw a rectangle of dimension 670X300, below the third level.

Draw a line along the length of the door of 230mm at the ground level.

Offset the line to below to distance of 50mm below the ground lebel.

Offset the line to distance of 2100 to above change the current layer to door shade.

Draw the door shade.

The end result of this step is as follows.

STEP - 4: Drawing 3D View of section.

For creating the 3D view initially biundaries are created.

Each boundary is created with its respective layer as current layer.

EXTRUDING:

The created boundaries are to be extruded to a distance of 750mm.

Select the boundaries by changing their respective current layer.

Door opening is added by drawing a rectangle at the door location from the plan view.

Then from the extruded part the door region subtracted from the wall using SUBSTRACT command.

Similarly door shade is created with the opening above.

After door shade remaining layer is extruded.

STEP - 5: RENDERING.

Material browser is used for adding materials to objects.

The materials added for the comonents from the material browser.

LIGHTS

Torch light is placed infront of the door at certial distance with fall off angle as 50 and hotspot angle as 80.

Distant light is also used.

STEP - 7: Creating views.

Set view name as VIEW 1.

Click on current view and press ok.

Set view name as VIEW 2.

Click on current view and press ok.

Set view name as VIEW 3.

Click on current view and press ok.

RESULT:

Initially all the layers necessary are created with respective line types and line weights.Then plan view and elevation view are drawn as shown in step 2 and 3 respectively, then in step 4 the 3D view is created with respective layers assigned.

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.

TEXT AND DIMENSIONS ARE ADDED WITH RESPECTIVE LAYERS.