COMPARISON OF BENDING IN BEAMS

1.AIM :

TO PERFORM COMPARISON OF STRESS, DISPLACEMENT AND STRAIN IN 3 TYPES OF BEAM USING SOLIDWORKS

2.OBJECTIVE :

1. To model 3 beams with diferent type of cross section in solidworks.
2. Apply a load of 1500N and compare the results of stress, dsiplacement and strain.
3. Suggest the best beam out of 3.

3.INTRODUCTION :

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to produce shear forces and bending moments within the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses, strains and deflections of the beam.

The analysis of beam can be done using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), FEA is the process of simulating the behaviour of a part or assembly under given conditions so that it can be assessed using the finite element method (FEM). FEA is used by engineers to help simulate physical phenomena and thereby reduce the need for physical prototypes, while allowing for the optimisation of components as part of the design process of a project.

FEA uses mathematical models to understand and quantify the effects of real-world conditions on a part or assembly. These simulations, which are conducted via specialised software, allow engineers to locate potential problems in a design, including areas of tension and weak spots.

A tool to perform FEA is Solidworks Simulation.

Here, analysis is done for 3 different cross section beam and on each a load of 1500N is applied and further results of stress, displacement and strain for all the three cases are compared.

4.MODEL :

The model was created as per the dimension shown below using Solidworks. All cross section geometries are extruded to alength of 400mm.

CASE 1

CASE 2

CASE 3

5. PROCEDURE :

• Using Solidworks simulation a new static study is created
• For all 3 models material is selected as Alloy steel

• Fixtues command is used to fix one end of each beam
• A load of 1500N is applied on the smaller face(i.e. 45mm face for case 1, 40mm face for case 2 and 45 mm face for case 3)

• After appying basic mesh, the simualtion was run
• Stress, Displacement and Strain for all the three cases was found as results.

6.RESULTS :

CASE 1

Observation

Stress : Maximum stress is found to be 7.997e+006N/m^2
Displacement : Maximum displacement is found at the free end and is 3.1e-002mm in value
Strain : Maximum strain is experienced on the fixed end and found to be 2.402e-005

CASE 2

Observation

Stress : Maximum stress is found to be 2.304e+007N/m^2
Displacement : Maximum displacement is found at the free end and is 8.537e-002mm in value
Strain : Maximum strain is experienced on the fixed end and found to be 7.564e-005

CASE 3

Observation

Stress : Maximum stress is found to be 3.939e+007N/m^2
Displacement : Maximum displacement is found at the free end and is 3.021e-001mm in value
Strain : Maximum strain is experienced on the fixed end and found to be 1.385e-004

CASE	MAX STRESS (N/m^2)	MAX DISPLACEMENT (mm)	MAX STRAIN
1	7.997e+006	3.1e-002	2.402e-005
2	2.304e+007	8.537e-002	7.564e-005
3	3.939e+007	3.021e-001	1.385e-004

7. CONCLUSIONS :

• Analysis of all the 2 beams were performed and Stress, Displacement and Strain values were found in each case.
• Comparing Stress, maximum stress induced is less on the rectangular beam (case 1) then on the I-section (case 2) and is maximum in C-section beam(case 3).
• Maximum strain occurs and Maximum displacement in C-section beam, and also C-section beam is subjected to torsion, therefore, it is the least preferred among the three beams.
• Stress induced in the I-section and rectangular beam is under the yield strength therefore both the beams will be able to sustain a force of 1500N without failing.
• I-section beam has quite evenly distributed stress in the I-section, which can make it withstand larger force as compared to rectangular beam.
• Also, the material requirement of I-section beam is very less it will save both material and cost, therefore, the most suitable beam is I-section beam (case 2).

8.REFERENCES :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_(structure)#:~:text=A%20beam%20is%20a%20structural,deflection%20is%20primarily%20by%20bending.

https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/finite-element-analysis#:~:text=Finite%20element%20analysis%20(FEA)%20is,finite%20element%20method%20(FEM).