Boeing-747 _ Final_Project

Individual project report

Name : Eragowda HG

Course : Boeing 747-8

Guide : Bharath kumar

Title : Design of Boeing 747 aircraft

June 2020

CONTENTS

1. Introduction 3-4

1.1 Objectives

2. Design methodology 5-9

3. Description 10-11

3.1 Tools

3.2Features

4. Rendering details and images 12-16

5. Conclusion 16-17

1 INTRODUCTION

The Boeing 747 is a large wide-body airliner and cargo aircraft manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States. In 1965, Joe Sutter left the 737 development to design the 747, the first twin aisle airline. On September 30, 1968, the first 747 was rolled out of the custom-built Everett plant, the largest building in the world by volume. The first flight took place on February 9, 1969 and the 747 was certified in December of that year. It entered service with Pan Arm on January 22, 1970; it was the first plane dubbed a “Jumbo Jet”.

The 747 is a quad jet airliner, initially powered by JT9D turbofan engines, then GE CF6 and Rolls-Royce RB211 engines for the original variants. With a ten-abreast economy seating, it typically accommodates 366 passengers in three travel classes. It has a pronounced 37.5⁰ wing sweep, allowing a Mach 0.85(490kn;900km/h) cruise speed, and its heavy weight is supported by four- wheel bogies each. The partial double-deck aircraft was designed with a raised cockpit so it could be converted to a freighter airplane by installing a front cargo door, as it was initially thought that it would eventually be superseded by supersonic transports.

By June 2019, 1554 aircraft had been built, with twenty 747-8s remaining on order. The desire to keep the number of engines to four required new engine designs with greatly increased power and better fuel economy. Boeing, Douglas, Lockheed were given additional study contracts for the airframe, along with General Electric and Pratt & Whitney for the engines.

The 747 was conceived while air travel was increasing in the 1960s. In 1965, Joe Sutter was transferred from Boeing’s 737 development team to manage the design studies for the new airliner, already assigned the model number 747. Sutter began a design study with Pan Arm and other airlines, to better understand their requirements. At the time, it was widely thought that the 747 would eventually be superseded by supersonic transport aircraft. Boeing responded by designing the 747 so that it could be adapted easily to carry freight and remain in production even if sales of the passenger version declined. In the freighter role, the clear need was to support the containerized shipping methodologies that were being widely introduced at about the same time.

1.1 . OBJECTIVE

The objective of this project to build my own ideas to design a Boeing aircraft. To use my own ideas to built an aircraft using the different materials or metals, and to produce more lift with less amount fuel. I want to built my own idea to develop other aircraft. I have experienced my work with help of skill lync. They teach us apart from what we were learnt , what need to want to develop our ideas, they teach about all job learning ideas. The important issues that to be done designing or developing an aircraft we want note done weight that aircraft can lift or it can sustain.

2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Fig 1 : Sketches of the aircraft used for design

• Given sketches for the design purpose. We want insert these sketches into a design software we were using. By using command key called sketch tool. With the help of teaching staff and with the given dimensions we have to create the sketches that are need to develop the Boeing aircraft.
• Fuselage: I used to create fuselage with the given dimensions and with the given sketches as shown in the Fig 1. Fuselage is the main body of the aircraft that will used for arrangement of the seats where the people should seated and fuselage is also used for carrying cargo. Sometimes it is used to carry fuels.
• Belly fairings: I have created this part using fuselage body with a given dimensions. The belly fairing is used as support for body landing gear as well as wing . the belly fairing which is attached to the fuselage.
• Nose cone: After belly fairing the nose cone part is created using the dimensions given in the video using previously created sketch. Nose cone located at front of the aircraft. Nose cone is created using the strips it is used as the insulators. It is used protect weather radar from aerodynamics forces. Conducted strips are used to protect from lighting strikes.
• Pitot tubes: Pitot tubes is created using fuselage sketch with a given dimensions for design. 4 Pitot tubes are created for given aircraft. Pitot tube is also known as Pitot probe is a device used for flow measurement used to measure floe velocity. Determine the airspeed of the aircraft. Measure the liquid, air, gas velocity in certain industries. Pitot tube is used measure the local floe velocity at any given point at flow stream.
• Cockpit windows: This sketch is created with a given dimensions and given sketches as shown in the Fig1. Cockpit windows are created on the fuselage. The cockpit windows I have created for this Boeing aircraft the weight will be 68kgs and thickness will be 76mm.
• Windshield wipers: This sketch is created with the given dimensions using the previous sketch. It is used potentially for ground offs, take offs, landings. They have different speed setting as same as car. 2 wipers are created for given aircraft one on the pilot side and other on co-pilot side.
• Passenger windows: The passenger windows are created separately using sketch block, and insert the sketch block into the main sketch, and using projected lines project the windows on to the fuselage and add appearance. I have created 250 windows for the aircraft.
• Doors: This sketch is created using sketch block with a given dimensions and inserted into the main sketch. Using spilt lines spilt on to fuselage and add appearance for the created doors. I created 6 doors on each sides for a given aircraft.
• Hatches: This sketch is created using the given dimensions and sketches as shown in the Fig1. Using spilt lines spilt on to the fuselage and appearance.
• Lights and antennas: This sketch is created on the top of the fuselage using the given dimensions in the video. 2 lights at the front top of the fuselage and 3 wing shaped antennas using the command called move and copy with the dimensions given. 2 slot shaped antennas with the given dimensions.
• Auxiliary power unit: This sketch is created using dimensions given in the video on tail of the aircraft. APU is a device at backside of the aircraft used to provide power for other functions. Tail light is created below the APU at the end of the aircraft.
• Vertical stabilizer: This sketch is created at the tail of the aircraft vertically with a given dimensions. Using lofted surface command loft the sketch created. It is used control the directional stability of the aircraft. Static Discharges points are used to discharges things such as lightning.
• Horizontal stabilizer: This sketch is created at the tail of the aircraft horizontally with a given dimensions. Using projected curves project the lines, create a lofted surface using loft command and add appearance.
• Wings: This sketch is done using the sketches as shown in the Fig1, with a given dimensions, and using previous sketch done. After creating project the created sketch using projected curve command. Wing is the main part of the aircraft which is used produce lift by separating the flow. 2 wings are created on the aircraft one is on left side and other is on right side.
• Flaps and Ailerons: This sketch is created using the sketches as shown in the Fig1, with a given dimensions and this sketch will done on the wing trailing edge of the aircraft. Ailerons are used when aircraft acts for roll moment. Flaps are used as high lift devices.
• Flap tracking’s: Flap tracking’s are created below the wing, which are used for support of the flaps when they are moving up and down.
• Landing gear axis: This sketch created by creating the points on the landing gear provided on the sketches shown in the Fig1, with the given dimensions. Landing gear axis are used for the assembly purpose to assembled landing gears of the aircraft.
• Landing gear: This sketch is created separately using new part with a given dimensions. It is a step by step process first we want to create a wheel, main support, suspension arm. At last we want to do assembly using a created parts with assembly command. Landing gears are used when the aircraft take off ,landing, and ground roll. We want to 1 nose landing gear, 4 main landing gears.

FIG 2: sketch is used for the engine design

• Engine: This part is created using the sketch as shown in the Fig2 and with the given dimensions. Engine is the main part of the aircraft used to produce a thrust to move aircraft forward.
• Livery: Livery in the sense adding the names on the aircraft which is given through company or airline.
• Assembly: After creating all the parts of the aircraft now we need to assembled the separately created parts. To create a perfect aircraft. I have assembled all parts using assembly command with a given dimensions.

3. DESCRIPTION

3.1 TOOLS

• Right, top, front planes: These are the planes used for creating sketches.
• Insert command: It is a type of command used to insert a sketch picture into sketching plane. To insert a block and to insert other commands like surfaces, curve, faces.
• Line: This command is used to draw line, curve etc.
• Spline: This command is to create splines on the sketches. We can drawn into any shape that we required.
• Rectangle: This command is used draw rectangle at required sketch.
• Circle: This command is used to draw a circle in the sketch to required diameter.
• Point: This command is used keep the point for the reference of the sketch.
• Offset: This command is used for offset the drawn sketch to the given dimension. Offset means to create a new sketch to the created sketch.
• Smart dimensions: This command is used to define the dimensions of the sketch. The all dimensions are defined in mm(millimeters).
• Convert entities: This command is used to convert the entities of created sketch to create a new sketch.
• Mirror entities: This command is used to mirror the entities like( lines, splines etc.) of the sketch created to one side to other side by creating the construction line.
• Spilt lines: This command is used to spilt the created sketch on required side. This can be done selecting the created sketch and the face to be spilt.
• Project curves: This command is used to project the curves of the selected sketch. This is used to create two curves into a single curve.
• Planes: This planes are created by using the reference command. The planes are created to create a new sketches on that plane.
• Axis: This command is used to create the reference for the sketch.

3.2 FEATURES

• Extrude boss base: This command is used to create a extrude of an created sketch to given dimensions. This is a command used convert 2D sketch to 3D sketch.
• Resolved Boss Base: This command is to resolve or create a circular path of an created sketch to the given dimensions. This command can be created using degrees ( 180⁰ , 360⁰).
• Lofted boss: This command used to create the loft of the created sketch. This command can be done by selecting point to create a loft and reference lines.
• Extruded cut: This command is used cut 3D sketches created to the given dimensions. It can be cut 3D the parts using commands based on the cut.
• Shell: This command is used cut 3D part of the created sketches.
• Mirror: This command is used to create the mirror of the faces , bodies using the planes as a reference like(right, front, top).

4. RENDERING DETAILS AND IMAGES

• Fuselage: Fuselage is the main body of the aircraft that will used for arrangement of the seats where the people should seated and fuselage is also used for carrying cargo. Sometimes it is used to carry fuels.
• Belly fairing: The belly fairing is used as support for body landing gear as well as wing . the belly fairing which is attached to the fuselage.

• Vertical stabilizer: It is used control the directional stability of the aircraft. Static Discharges points are used to discharges things such as lightning.

• Horizontal stabilizer: this is stabilizer is used to control the pitch moment of the aircraft. It is used when the aircraft used climb upward and downward.

• Wings: the wing is the main part of the aircraft. It is used when the aircraft takeoff and landing . the most of the lift will produced due to the wing of the aircraft. For the more lift the high lift devices are used like flaps and ailerons.

• Engine: this is main part of the aircraft used to produce a propulsion of the aircraft. Is used move the aircraft forward.
• Wheel : the wheel is the main part of the aircraft used for rolling action when the aircraft takeoff and landing ,taxing purpose.

• Landing gears: The nose gear is located at front of the aircraft and main gear is located at the wing section at the center of the aircraft. This both gears are used for takeoff and landing.

5.CONCLUSION

At last I have concluded that I have experienced the designing of the Boeing-747 aircraft. And I have experienced to use solid works software that I haven’t learnt in my course. Now I have interested in working designing course.