Assignment 1

1)There are 14 types of different modules present in the GT SUITE in the modeling application.

1. Air Conditioning and Waste Heat Recovery: The simulation of air conditioning and heating systems play an increasingly important role in both maximizing fuel economy and ensuring passenger comfort. GT-SUITE provides full capabilities in this area for prediction of the conditions inside the cabin and two-phase refrigerant loop. In the refrigerant loop, with fluid properties coming directly from NIST Refprop, GT-SUITE can handle both traditional system modeling and emerging technologies such as Heat Pump and supercritical CO2 modeling. Various technologies are being explored to make use of the hot exhaust gases from engines that are currently wasted out of the exhaust pipe. Two of these technologies that are supported in GT-SUITE are the Rankine cycle and TEG (Thermo Electric Generator) systems. Using the same proven two-phase approach used in modeling air conditioning systems with fluid properties from NIST Refprop, Rankine cycle models are simulated in GT-SUITE to explore fuel savings and investigate advanced control strategies. Complex layouts including multiple heat exchanger stages and valving systems are also supported.
2. Aftertreatment: GT-SUITE and GT-POWER simulation software include a complete exhaust aftertreatment (AT) and chemical kinetics library for modeling catalysts and filters. This enables the user to model any AT device in isolation or within an integrated system while providing the user the complete flexibility to modify and impose the participating kinetic reaction mechanisms. The design of this library is consistent with our goal to provide a single tool for simulation of all aspects of engine and vehicle systems. This library allows modeling the exhaust aftertreatment system together with vehicle, engine, thermal management, and control systems, making this tool uniquely suitable for collaborative development.
3. 3D Cabin Modeling: The 3D method of cabin modeling, GT-SUITE, and TAITherm are coupled and used as a co-simulation.The TAITherm software is only required for this most detailed and accurate form of Cabin modeling available in GT-SUITE, simpler forms of cabin modeling are available with no additional software needed. GT-SUITE is used to quickly solve the fluid domain inside the car cabin. For this calculation, GT-SUITE needs thermal wall boundary conditions. TAITherm is a 3D thermal and infrared signature modeling tool, which offers the ability to quickly solve temperatures for 3D structures including 3D-conduction, convection, and multi-bounce radiation. For the solution, TAITherm requires convective boundary conditions. Coupling the two simulation tools provides a complete solution for the cabin modeling by combining the advantages of both simulation tools. GT-SUITE provides the convective boundary conditions for the energy calculation in TAITherm and TAITherm provides the thermal wall boundary conditions for solving the fluid domain in GT-SUITE.
4. Controls: A PID controller is used to control input to a given system so that the output of that system reaches a target value. The generic nature of a PID controller--the fact that it can be used to target almost any quantity, also means that effort is required to calibrate its "gains" so that the controller reaches the target:
   1) In a stable manner--a steady output signal so that there is no oscillation around the target. 2) In a prompt manner (i.e. reasonable time scale) so that excessive computational time is not required waiting for the signal to move. It can take time, and sometimes be difficult, to find a set of gains that reach the proper balance of stability and prompt response to provide a means of finding good gains. For this reason, GT-SUITE provides specialized templates, known as model-based controllers, which can replace a PID controller for a few common engine control situations, and several more are expected to be added in the near future. In general, when a model-based controller is available, it should generally be used instead of the PID because it will be both easier to use and more robust than a PID controller.
5. Engine Block Thermal Modeling: The Engine Block Thermal Modeling is used after the completion of a CAD model of the engine block and related systems. This will go through preparing the geometry in GTSPACECLAIM, using GEM3D to import the geometry and convert it to GT-SUITE parts, connecting the thermal and flow systems in GT-ISE, calibrating the model and imposing a friction calculation based on the model temperatures.
6. Cooling Systems and Thermal Management: GT-SUITE is the ideal modeling platform for vehicle cooling analysis. GT-SUITE models can be used to analyze pressure drop, flow distribution, and thermal performance of liquid circuits that cool heat-generating components. GT-SUITE is also used to optimize airflow and heat transfer in the underhood cooling module where heat is rejected to ambient. The construction of GT-SUITE cooling models is enhanced by powerful 3D tools. The GEM3D tool easily converts CAD geometry of flow-networks into 1D GT models. The separate COOL3D tool allows for 3D model building and automatic export of underhood cooling module models.
7. Cranktrain: GT-SUITE’s Cranktrain application offers a variety of practical engineering analyses for concept evaluation including both time and frequency domain solutions. In addition to crankshaft definition with basic dimensions and material properties, GT-SUITE offers a streamlined process for importing solid models to extract key geometry, mass, and moments of inertia. The crankshaft can easily be switched between rigid, torsional, and bending models for balance, vibration, and stress evaluation respectively. The cranktrain application supports a library of bearing models of various levels of fidelity from basic mobility to formal EHD solutions. Additionally, skirt and ring models are available for preliminary friction prediction and evaluation at the concept phase.
8. Engine Performance: GT-POWER is used to predict engine performance quantities such as power, torque, airflow, volumetric efficiency, fuel consumption, turbocharger performance, and matching, and pumping losses, to name just a few. Beyond basic performance predictions, GT-POWER includes physical models for extending the predictions to include cylinder and tailpipe-out emissions, intake and exhaust system acoustic characteristics (level and quality), in-cylinder, and pipe/manifold structure temperature, measured cylinder pressure analysis, and control system modeling.
9. Fuel Injection and Hydraulics: GT-SUITE’s advanced Navier-Stokes flow solver makes it the ideal choice for hydraulic modeling. The extensive library of validated, application-specific components enables the efficient building of accurate models with a wide range of complexity; from system-level models with imposed component characteristics to more detailed component-level models that may include effects such as fluid-structure interaction and leakage. Typical predictions of interest include pressure pulsation, flow rates, valve dynamics, fluid and structure temperatures, leakage, contact stresses, etc. As with all GT-SUITE applications, hydraulic models are easily integrated with other sub-systems to capture interactions and optimize overall system behavior.
10. Gear, Chain, and Belt Drive: GT-SUITE is the ideal tool for evaluating transmission component and system design and control. GT-SUITE contains a rich library of transmission mechanical and hydraulic components, which allows complete transmission system simulation, including shift strategy generation, power flow specification, thermal warmup, and lubrication studies, and shift quality and noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) evaluations.
11. Lubrication: Oil systems can be quickly built from CAD, making GT-SUITE the tool of choice to design, analyze, and optimize lubrication systems and components. Steady-state models can be used to predict pressure, flow rate, and temperature distribution throughout the oil circuit. Transient runs can be performed to predict system priming (filling), resonance and wave dynamics in the system, energy loss in the system over a driving or duty cycle, thermal warm-up, and integration with cooling system models. Furthermore, oil system components can be studied in detail including pumps with the automated model building of vane and rotor style pumps, bearings with both fast running Mobility and detailed finite element options, cam phasers, and hydraulic lash adjusters.
12. Transmission: GT-SUITE contains a rich library of transmission mechanical and hydraulic components, which allows complete transmission system simulation, including shift strategy generation, power flow specification, thermal warmup, and lubrication studies, and shift quality and noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) evaluations. Through integration with other GT-SUITE libraries, such as engine and vehicle, completely predictive powertrain models can be generated.
13. Valvetrain: GT-SUITE provides many tools to the valvetrain engineer, from single valvetrain layout and kinematics to full multi-cylinder camshaft dynamics. Contact stress, spring fatigue, and friction can be analyzed at multiple levels of fidelity. What sets GT-SUITE apart is the ability to quickly scale the scope of the model as needed. Since the camshaft model is built from the same building blocks as the crankshaft, that means bearing, torsional, and bending analysis is built-in. Flexible finite element bodies can be added to replace rocker arms or swing cams. Mechanical valves can even natively link to engine flow valves in a one-step process.
14. Vehicle Driveline and HEV: This Vehicle Driveline and HEV model includes modeling of different types of vehicles like battery electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, conventional vehicles, and it includes transmissions systems. It also contains GT-DRIVE+ that represents a vehicle modeling framework where expert GT users or architects can deploy configurable model builders to less experienced users.

2.1) Time Control Flag: The time control flag controls whether the simulation is continuous or periodic, maximum and minimum simulation duration, Automatic shut-off when the simulation reaches steady-state condition. It is present under Run setup-Time control.

2.2)Time step and Solution Control: The Timestep and Solution Control decides whether the ODE equations should solve either in the Explicit for or Implicit form. It can be seen under Run setup-ODEControl.

2.3)Integrator/Solver type: The Integrator/Solver type decides which model should be used for solving the ODE equations either in implicit form or Explicit form.

3.1)Run Setup: The simulation type, maximum and minimum simulation duration is specified here and The Explicit form is selected to solve the ODE Equations.

The simulation duration is 0.5sec and the type of simulation is selected here is Explicit.

The Explicit method is selected for solving the ODE equation.

3.2) Advanced Setup: In the Tutorial, the Advanced Setup is not used for running the simulation.

3.3)Plot Setup: In the Tutorial plot Setup is not used but here I am using some plot setups for analyzing the pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients.

3.4)Output Setup: If the periodic simulation is selected the simulation parameters will be updated for every cycle but here we are using continuous simulation so the 0.05sec time period is specified for updating the simulation results.

4) The Intercooler specifications were changed as specified in the problem. The changes are.

• The diameter of cooler inlet and outlet pipe= 50 mm
• Length of the CAC= 1000 mm
• Inlet mass flow rate = 1200 kg/ h at 100 degC
• Outlet pressure 2 bar at 30 deg C

The diameter of the cooler Inlet and outlet is changed to 50mm.

The length is changed to 1000mm.

The mass flow rate is changed to 1200kg/hr at 100 degrees.

The outlet pressure and temperature are changed to 2 bar and 30 degrees respectively.

Run Setup: The simulation duration is 0.5sec and the type of simulation is selected here is Explicit.

The Explicit method is selected for solving the ODE equation.

Plot Setup: I am using some plot setups for analyzing the pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients.

Output Setup: If the periodic simulation is selected the simulation parameters will be updated for every cycle but here we are using continuous simulation so the 0.05sec time period is specified for updating the simulation results.

Results:

The results are obtained from GT-post

The pressure drop between the boundaries is 3.04299E-5.

The average Heat transfer is 5.15kW.

The Average Inlet temperature is 371K

The Average outlet temperature is 348.5K

The reduced temperature is 22.5K