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Steady-state simulation of flow over a throttle body using CONVERGE CFD

INTRODUCTION: Most of the spark ignited internal combustion engines use a throttle valve to control the flow of fuel and air in order to maintain the desired air-to-fuel ratio. In this project, we will study the flow of air over a standard `90^0` elbow containing a throttle valve which is in a fully open position.  …

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    Read more Projects by Shrey Shah (43)

    1-D flame speed analysis for methane and hydrogen combustion mechanisms using Python and Cantera

    Objective:

    INTRODUCTION: Flame speed is the measured rate of expansion of a flame front in a combustion reaction. While the auto-ignition temperature and ignition delay (0-D analysis) can indicate when the reaction will take place, the flame speed (1-D analysis) is an indicator of how the flame propagates. The flame occupies a small…

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    29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

    • CANTERA
    • PYTHON
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    Simulating a 2-D flow in a rectangular channel for different mesh sizes using CONVERGE CFD

    Objective:

    INTRODUCTION: In this project, we will be simulating a 2-D flow through a rectangular channel. The size of the mesh will be varied (from coarse - fine - very fine) to compare the results. The setup is done using CONVERGE Studio and the results are post-processed in Paraview. The geometry is a simple box (channel) with…

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    29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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      Full scale simulation of port fuel injected engine (SI8-PFI) starting from geometry cleanup to setting up different physical phenomena using CONVERGE CFD

      Objective:

      SURFACE PREPARATION: CONVERGE CFD utilizes geometry provided in the ".stl" format, which contains a triangulated surfaces that make up the body. The geometry of the PFI engine is provided with certain geometrical errors. Some of the errors are and the methodology to correct them are listed below: 1. Intersections This…

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      29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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      Calculating auto-ignition time for methane combustion under various initial condition using Python and Cantera

      Objective:

      INTRODUCTION: Auto-ignition occurs when a mixture of gases or vapors ignites spontaneously in absence of any external ignition source such as a flame or a spark. The temperature at which auto-ignition occurs is called the auto-ignition temperature. It is the lowest temperature in a system where the rate of heat evolved…

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      29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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      Conjugate heat transfer through a circular pipe using super-cycling in CONVERGE CFD

      Objective:

      INTRODUCTION: Conjugate heat transfer (CHT) studies are performed when simulating heat transfer through both a fluid and a solid medium. For a fluid medium, the convective heat transfer is dominant while for a solid medium, the conductive heat transfer is dominant. The time required to attain the steady-state varies drastically…

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      29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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      Simulating the gearbox sloshing effect to analyze the lubrication of coupled with gears with different clearances and using different fluids as lubricants

      Objective:

      INTRODUCTION: Lubricants are essential for the long-term smooth functioning of gearbox systems. In this project, we will visualize the gearbox sloshing effect to see how the lubrication is affected by different models of the gearbox (low and high clearance) as well as by using different fluids as lubricants. In total,…

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      29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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        Calculating adiabatic flame temperature for constant volume and constant pressure combustion using Python and Cantera

        Objective:

        INTRODUCTION: In the study of combustion, there are two types of adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) depending on how the process is completed: the constant volume and constant pressure; both of which describe temperature that combustion products theoretically can reach if no energy is lost…

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        29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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          Transient simulation of flow over a throttle valve using CONVERGE CFD

          Objective:

          INTRODUCTION: Most of the spark ignited internal combustion engines use a throttle valve to control the flow of fuel and air in order to maintain the desired air-to-fuel ratio. In this project, we will study the flow of air over a standard `90^0` elbow containing a throttle valve which rotates from `0^0` to `25^0` gradually…

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          29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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            Analyzing stability of ODE solvers

            Objective:

            INTRODUCTION: Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) can be solved through various numerical methods, including numerical discretization and numerical integration. Some ODEs can be solved directly through mathematical integration. However, most practical phenomena contain a system of ODEs and PDEs which may be coupled…

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            29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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              Formulating 4th order central and skewed approximation schemes using Taylor table and implementing using MATLAB to calculate the second derivative of a function

              Objective:

              INTRODUCTION: Taylor series is used to approximate the values of derivatives at a certain node through various approximation schemes. The derivative at a node is measured with the help of the data at the surrounding nodes. These approximations produce some errors in the calculations which are dependent on the spacing between…

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              29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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              Transient shock tube simulation using CONVERGE CFD

              Objective:

              INTRODUCTION: Shock-tubes are widely used to study the ignition delay for a particular reaction. The process involves two stages: Two reactants are kept separate from each other in different regions, separated by a diaphragm, one at a very high pressure and one at low or atmospheric pressure. The diaphragm is suddenly…

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              29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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              Solving the conservative and non-conservative form of the governing equations for super-sonic nozzle flow in 1-D using MacCormack method in MATLAB

              Objective:

              INTRODUCTION: This project deals with a quasi 1-dimensional flow through a convergent-divergent nozzle. The governing equations for the flow can be written in two forms - (1) Conservative, and (2) Non-conservative. Both the conservative and non-conservative forms of the equations resemble the exact same thing and are interchangeable.…

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              29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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              Performing grid dependence study for steady flow over an Ahmed body with slant angle of 20 degrees using ANSYS Fluent

              Objective:

              INTRODUCTION: The Ahmed body is a standard model of a generic car shape used as a reference for wind tunnel testing of road vehicles. The characteristic feature of the structure is the slant plane in the rear side of the body which contributes to flow separation and recirculation in the wake region of the flow. Experimental…

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              29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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              Pipe flow simulation in OpenFOAM using wedge boundary condition for model reduction

              Objective:

              INTRODUCTION: In this project, we will be simulating an incompressible laminar flow through a cylindrical pipe in OpenFOAM using the icoFoam solver. Instead of simulating the entire cylindrical pipe, we will be geometrically reducing the model to save computational resources. The geometry will only contain a slice of the…

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              29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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              Studying the Rayleigh -Taylor instability of an interface between air and water using ANSYS Fluent

              Objective:

              INTRODUCTION: Rayleigh-Taylor instability occurs at the interface of two fluids of different densities when there is mixing due to the lighter fluid pushing the heavier fluid under the influence of gravity. Examples include water suspended in oil, mushroom clouds formed by volcanic eruptions or nuclear explosions, instabilities…

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              29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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              Conjugate heat transfer analysis of a graphics card by utilizing fins and cross-flow in ANSYS Fluent

              Objective:

              INTRODUCTION: Processors and graphics cards are widely used in computers today. As the functionality of the computers keeps on increasing, more and more power is required to keep up with the computational powers. A graphics card consists of three major components - the processor, the processor base and the cooling mechanism.…

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              29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                Solution to 1-D Linear Convection equation in MATLAB using first-order discretization schemes and the effect of time-step on the stability of the solution

                Objective:

                INTRODUCTION: In this challenge, we will solve the following 1D linear convection equation to observe the propagation of a square wave with time. `{partial u}/{partial t} + C {partial u}/{partial x} = 0` Here, `C` is the velocity of propagation. The above equation is discretized using first-order forward differencing…

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                29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                2-D simulation of Prandtl Meyer shock wave using CONVERGE CFD

                Objective:

                INTRODUCTION: When a gas is flowing at subsonic speeds (slower than the speed of sound), the density of the gas can be assumed as constant throughout the doman. However, when a gas is flowing at supersonic speeds (faster than the speed of sound), the density of the gas changes locally as it gets compressed or expanded.…

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                29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                Sensitivity analysis of the GRI 3.0 mechanism to find the most temperature-sensitive reactions in the methane combustion mechanism

                Objective:

                INTRODUCTION: In any particular reaction mechanism, there are multiple intermediate reactions happening which affect the rate of the entire mechanism. These reactions depend on different operating conditions and can be controlled to alter the mechanism to the desired state. In order to control the reactions, we can change…

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                29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                Reaction mechanism reduction for the GRI 3.0 mechanism with different state variable combinations using Python and Cantera

                Objective:

                INTRODUCTION: A reaction mechanism is a step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical change occurs. It helps to study the different stages of a chemical reaction in detail. Obtaining an accurate mechanism for a given set of conditions is very challenging. Different conditions affect the reaction…

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                29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                Implementing multivariate Newton-Raphson method to solve for a system of coupled ODEs using Python

                Objective:

                INTRODUCTION: While solving a combustion mechanism, the rates of production/depletion of different species are calculated in the form of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The rate of production/dissipation of a particular species depends on the concentration of the species itself as well as the concentration of other…

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                29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                Analyzing the heat transfer for flow through a mixing tee joint using ANSYS Fluent

                Objective:

                INTRODUCTION: In this project, we will be simulating flow through a tee joint to analyze the mixing and the heat transfer. A tee joint is formed when two members are connected perpendicularly to each other. The tee joint has a variety of applications. In plumbing applications, it is used to direct the flow in one direction…

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                29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                Comparing the wedge and symmetry boundary condition in OpenFOAM for a laminar pipe flow simulation using the icoFoam solver

                Objective:

                INTRODUCTION: In this project, we will be focusing on a laminar pipe flow simulation for a geometrically reduced model with two boundary conditions - wedge and symmetry. The pipe is reduced to a section with a central angle as shown below. The flow is to be simulated at `Re = 2100` with the fluid as water. We assume a…

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                29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                Steady-state simulation of flow over a throttle body using CONVERGE CFD

                Objective:

                INTRODUCTION: Most of the spark ignited internal combustion engines use a throttle valve to control the flow of fuel and air in order to maintain the desired air-to-fuel ratio. In this project, we will study the flow of air over a standard `90^0` elbow containing a throttle valve which is in a fully open position.  …

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                29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                  Calculating the efficiency and the adiabatic flame temperature of methane combustion with preheated air from a recuperator

                  Objective:

                  INTRODUCTION: A recuperator is a special purpose counter-flow energy recovery heat exchanger connected with the furnace positioned in the exhaust gas-streams in order to recover the waste heat. One use of a recuperator is to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber before mixing with the fuel. A schematic of the…

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                  29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                  Parametric study of pressure-based flow through a gate valve to measure the output flow rate in ANSYS Fluent

                  Objective:

                  INTRODUCTION: A gate valve is a valve that opens by lifting a barrier (gate) out of the path of the fluid. They require very little space and do not restrict the flow when fully opened. In this project, we will be analyzing a simple pipe flow by varying the lift of the gate valve and observing the output flow rate. We…

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                  29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                    Simulating two-dimensional flow over a cylinder to visualize the von Karman vortex street at Re = 100 using ANSYS Fluent

                    Objective:

                    INTRODUCTION: In this project, we will be simulating a two-dimensional flow over a cylinder to visualize the von Karman vortex street. The von Karman vortex street is caused by vortex shedding due to the unsteady separation of flow around a blunt body. The vortex shedding effect is caused only for a particular range of…

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                    29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                      Compact notation derivation for a simple mechanism to form expressions for production rates of different species

                      Objective:

                      INTRODUCTION: A reaction mechanism includes several reactions occurring within a system. The rates of production/depletion of any species in the reaction can be modeled as an ordinary differential equation (ODE). The rate of production of a species depends on the concentration of that species as well as on concentrations…

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                      29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                        Performing conjugate heat transfer analysis on a exhaust port to examine the heat transfer coefficient

                        Objective:

                        INTRODUCTION: Conjugate heat transfer analysis allows us to study the heat transfer between a solid body and a fluid at the interface. The CHT analysis is governed by the set of governing equations consisting of conformity with the physical pattern of two separate systems for the solid and fluid domains. These equations…

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                        29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                        Solving and Visualizing the Motion of a Damped Simple Pendulum using ode45 Solver in MATLAB

                        Objective:

                        Introduction: In this project, we are going to solve the equation of motion for a simple damped pendulum which is represented by the following ordinary differential equation (ODE): `{d^2\\theta}/{dt^2} + b/m{d\\theta}/{dt} + g/Lsin\\theta = 0` In the above equation, `\\theta` represents the angular displacement of…

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                        29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                        Introduction and application of finite volume method (FVM) for 1-D linear heat conduction equation

                        Objective:

                        INTRODUCTION: Finite volume method (FVM) is a method of solving the partial differential equations in the form of algebraic equations at discrete points in the domain, similar to finite difference methods. The difference between the two is that the finite difference method is evaluated at nodes, whereas the finite volume…

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                        29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                        2-D simulation of Prandtl Meyer shock wave using CONVERGE CFD

                        Objective:

                        INTRODUCTION: When a gas is flowing at subsonic speeds (slower than the speed of sound), the density of the gas can be assumed as constant throughout the doman. However, when a gas is flowing at supersonic speeds (faster than the speed of sound), the density of the gas changes locally as it gets compressed or expanded.…

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                        29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                        Simulating 2-D pipe flow over a backward facing step and assessing the effect of mesh grading using the icoFoam solver in OpenFOAM

                        Objective:

                        INTRODUCTION: In this project, we will be solving the incompressible laminar Navier-Stokes equation using the icoFoam solver for a pipe flow over a backward facing step. The results for different near-wall mesh grading factors are compared. Different inlet velocities are also used to compare the separation and reattachment…

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                        29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                        Performing simulation of a cyclone separator for different boundary conditions and number of particles using discrete phase models (DPM) in ANSYS Fluent

                        Objective:

                        INTRODUCTION: Cyclonic separation is widely used in the industry to remove particulates from an air, gas or liquid stream, without the use of filters, through vortex separation. Rotational effects and gravity are used to separate a mixture of solids and fluids. A high speed rotating airflow is established within a…

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                        29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                        Solving the 2-D steady and unsteady heat conduction equation using finite difference explicit and implicit iterative solvers in MATLAB

                        Objective:

                        INTRODUCTION: The 2-D heat conduction equation is a partial differential equation which governs the heat transfer through a medium by thermal conduction. The equation is defined as: `{partial T}/{partial t} = alpha[{partial ^2T}/{partial x^2}+{partial^2T}/{partialy^2}]` For the steady state, the temperature does not vary…

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                        29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                        Assessing the stability of linear system iterative solvers (Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and SOR) based on spectral radius of the iterative matrices

                        Objective:

                        INTRODUCTION: For a system of linear equations, the solution can be found by implementing the iterative solvers (Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, and SOR). However, there are some factors which can render the solution unstable. One of these parameters is the spectral radius of the iteration matrix. The spectral radius of a matrix…

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                        29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                        Combustion simulation of methane injected into air to analyze the mass fractions of reactants, products and pollutants using ANSYS Fluent

                        Objective:

                        INTRODUCTION: Combustion is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Complete combustion is almost impossible to achieve since the chemical equilibrium is not necessarily reached, or may contain unburnt…

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                        29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                          Literature review on RANS derivation and analysis

                          Objective:

                          INTRODUCTION: For a high Reynolds' number flow, the flow is no longer laminar. The Navier Stokes equations cannot be used to characterize the flow. For this purpose, Reynolds' Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations are derived which are obtained by averaging the Navier Stokes equations to account for the turbulence fluctuations…

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                          29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                            Studying the flow over a backward facing step for different mesh sizes using CONVERGE CFD

                            Objective:

                            INTRODUCTION: The backward facing step is a standard problem for validation of a computational fluid dynamics code. The problem is a simple rectangular channel whose cross-sectional area increases instantaneously which produces a variety of interesting flow features. The geometry and the flow features of interest are shown…

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                            29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                            Solution to 1-D Linear Convection equation in MATLAB using first-order discretization schemes and the effect of grid spacing on the stability of the solution

                            Objective:

                            INTRODUCTION: In this challenge, we will solve the following 1D linear convection equation to observe the propagation of a square wave with time. `{partial u}/{partial t} + C {partial u}/{partial x} = 0` Here, `C` is the velocity of propagation. The above equation is discretized using first-order forward differencing…

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                            29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                            Handling Mixtures with Cantera Challenge

                            Objective:

                            For the combustion of methane in air, we know that the ideal reaction must be: `CH_4 + 2(O_2 + 3.76N_2) rarr CO_2 + 2H_2O + 7.52N_2` Generally, the air and fuel are mixed at the same conditions before entering into the furnace. However, sometimes they are mixed at different conditions. One such condition includes preheating…

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                            29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                              Simulating a 2-D flow in a rectangular channel for different mesh sizes using CONVERGE CFD

                              Objective:

                              INTRODUCTION: In this project, we will be simulating a 2-D flow through a rectangular channel. The size of the mesh will be varied (from coarse - fine - very fine) to compare the results. The setup is done using CONVERGE Studio and the results are post-processed in Paraview. The geometry is a simple box (channel) with…

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                              29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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                                Characterization of a CAT-3410 diesel engine with different piston profiles using CONVERGE CFD

                                Objective:

                                INTRODUCTION: In this project, we will be simulating a `60^0` sector geometry for a CAT-3410 diesel engine with different piston profiles. The geometries are generated using the "make engine sector surface" tool available in CONVERGE Studio. The geometric parameters of the  1. Open-W Piston 2. Omega Piston The surface…

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                                29 Apr 2020 08:01 PM IST

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