Simulation of Flow through a Pipe

Objective To simulate and compare the crash beam file with base and imporved shell element properties. Procedure Base Simulation Import the first run_0000.rad file in the hypermesh. Edit the first run_0001.rad in the notepad.Change the run time to 55 ms from 60 ms as well the animation time from 1ms to 0.9167 ms so…

Objective  To extract the midsurface of the Floor panel and perform meshing according to given quality criteria. Procedure Mid Surface Extraction Thickness of the trim is less than 6mm, so checking the thickness of the trim at various locations such as edges,ribs, dog houses and at the bolt surfaces. Thickness of…

Objective  To extract the midsurface of the side door trim and perform meshing according to given quality criteria. Procedure Mid Surface Extraction Thickness of the trim is less than 6mm, so checking the thickness of the trim at various locations such as edges,ribs, dog houses and at the bolt surfaces. Thickness…

Introduction External car aerodynamics study has a great importance in overall efficiency of a car. The study is generally is based on simulation of  air flow over a car , the resulting drag and lift forces and their effects on the car .High drag force will cause a reduction in fuel efficiency and a vehicles top speed,…

Introduction The suspension system works with the tires. frame or unitized body, wheels, wheel bearings, brake system. and steering system. All of the components of these systems work together to provide a safe and comfortable means of transportation. The suspension system functions are as follows: Support the weight…

Introduction Dynamic Meshing In ANSYS Fluent the dynamic mesh capability is used to simulate problems with boundary motion, suchas check valves and store separations. The building blocks for dynamic mesh capabilities within ANSYSFluent are three dynamic mesh schemes, namely, smoothing, layering, and remeshing. A combinationof…

Aim For the given component, check for the geometrical errors and mesh with the given element Quality criteria. Procedure Perform Topo and then check for any geometrical errors.                                         …

Introduction Heat is an inevitable byproduct of work. It’s generated when you start a car’s engine, go for a brisk walk or anything else that generates friction. Heat is also prevalent in electronics where it can be more difficult to manage and can be detrimental to their continued operation. When it comes…

Compression Ignition (CI) Engine The compression ignition engine is an internal combustion engine that uses temperature increase during the compression stroke as a source to ignite the fuelcharge (fuel-air mixture). This is also called auto-ignition. These engines are always fuel injected.Air is drawn into the cylinder…

Port Fuel Injection Port injection sprays the fuel into the intake ports where it mixes with the incoming air. Port injection systems are much cheaper to manufacture. The injectors are not exposed to the high heat and pressure of the combustion chamber and they don’t have to handle high fuel pressures. Port injection…

Conjugate Heat Transfer The term conjugate heat transfer (CHT) is used to describe processes which involve variations of temperature within solids and fluids, due to thermal interaction between the solids and fluids. A typical example is the heating or cooling of a solid object by the flow of air in which it is immersed…

Shock Wave It is strong pressure wave in any elastic medium such as air, water, or a solid substance, produced by supersonic aircraft, explosions, lightning, or other phenomena that create violent changes in pressure. Shock waves differ from sound waves in that the wave front, in which compression…

Simulation Parameters Fluid = Air Mixture (23% Oxygen and 77% Nitrogen) Solver= Transient Solver Simulation time= 0.01 seconds Boundary Conditions Inlet Pressure= 150000 Pa Oulet Pressure= 100000 Pa Top and Bottom Walls = No- Slip Walls Front and Back Walls= 2-D Throttle Movement At 0 ms = 0 degrees At 2 ms = 25 degrees…

Open-Channel Flow Open channel flow is a type of fluid flow with at least one free surface subjected to the surroundings. The pressure is considered to be constant at the surface and hydraulic streamlines are at the surface of fluid in open channel flow. The water in the open channel is not fully covered by the rigid boundaries.…

Viscous Boundary Layer Flow over flat plate is visualized by introducing bubbles that follow the local fluid velocity.• Most of the flow is unaffected by the presence of the plate.• However, in the region closest to the wall, the velocity decreases to zero.• The flow away from the walls can be treated as…

Hagen-Poseuille Equation Diameter of Pipe, D=0.01m Reynolds Number, Re=2100 Dynamic Viscosity of Water,`mu=8.9*10^-4 Pa.s` Density of Water,`rho=998(kg)/m^3` Velocity,`V=0.1869m/s` Maximum Velocity,`V_max=2*V=0.3738 m/s` Pressure Difference, Δp =55.89 Pa. Kinematic Presure Difference, `nablap'=(nablap)/rho=55.89/998=0.056…

Hagen-Poiseuille Equation It is a physical law that gives the pressure drop in an incompressible and Newtonian fluid in laminar flow flowing through a long cylindrical pipe of constant cross section. It can be successfully applied to air flow in lung alveoli,…

    Main Code clear all clc close all n=31; x=linspace(0,3,n); dx=x(2)-x(1); C=0.5; gamma=1.4; nt=1400; %Non Comservative Approach [rho,T,V,mass,p,M,rho_throat,V_throat,T_throat,mass_throat,p_throat,M_throat]=nonconservative(n,x,dx,C,gamma,nt); %Conservative Approach [rho_c,T_c,V_c,mass_c,p_c,M_c,rho_c_throat,V_c_throat,T_c_throat,mass_c_throat,p_c_throat,M_c_throat]=conservative(n,x,dx,C,gamma,nt);…

2D Conduction    Assuming that after the domain of uniform discretization, the step length of x-axis is `Δx = x_(i+1) – x_i`  and that of y-axis is `Δy = y_(j+1) - y_j` obviously, `x_i = iΔx,y_j = jΔy,and i,j =0,1,2,3 ....` `n(n = 0,1,2,3 ...)` is…

Rankine  Cycle The Rankine cycle is the fundamental operating cycle of all power plants where an operating fluid is continuously evaporated and condensed. The selection of operating fluid depends mainly on the available temperature range.  The pressure-enthalpy (p-h) and temperature-entropy (T-s) diagrams of…

Input Data  Atomic Weight:          H= 1.007          C= 12.0096          O= 15.99903          N= 14.00643          S= 32.059          A= 40.078  Universal Gas…

ROBOTIC ARM A robotic arm is a type of mechanical arm, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human arm; the arm may be the sum total of the mechanism or may be part of a more complex robot. The links of such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion…

GENETIC ALGORITHM (GA) The genetic algorithm is a method for solving both constrained and unconstrained optimization problems that is based on natural selection, the process that drives biological evolution. The genetic algorithm repeatedly modifies a population of individual solutions. At…

Curve Fitting Curve fitting is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points,[possibly subject to constraints.Curve fitting can involve either interpolation, where an exact fit to the data is required, or smoothing, in…

Ordinary Differential Equations An ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation containing one or more functions of one independent variable and the derivatives of those functions. Simple Pendulum The way the pendulum moves depends on the Newtons second law. When…

Otto Cycle An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine. It is the thermodynamic cycle most commonly found in automobile engines. Processes   Process 0–1 a mass of air is drawn into piston/cylinder arrangement…