Simulation of Flow over an Ahmed Body

INTRODUCTION The sensitivity analysis in a numerical model is a method in which the effect of change in one or more of the input on the output is analysed. In other words, the expected values of various parameters involved can be used to evaluate the robustness, i.e., ‘sensitivity’ of the results from these…

INTRODUCTION The autoignition temperature or kindling point of a substance is the lowest temperature in which it spontaneously ignites in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark. This temperature is required to supply the activation energy needed for combustion. The temperature…

INTRODUCTION The combustion process is mostly governed by the chemical reactions that take place during the process. For simulating a combustion process, one of the most important things is calculating the concentration of the species produced during the process. The rate of generation or consumption of these chemical…

INTRODUCTION The most important and common way in which energy is released is by combustion. Combustion is a process in which a fuel combines with an oxidizer to release energy and produces some products of combustion known as the exhaust. If a hydrocarbon-based fuel is burned in oxygen alone the products of combustion…

INTRODUCTION An ODE is also known as the ordinary differential equation is a form differential equation that contains one or more functions of one independent variable. The solution of an ODE is a function that satisfies the equation. Finding the solution by using analytical methods is not always possible in the case of…

INTRODUCTION  Cyclone separators also known as cyclones are devices that are used to separate particular matters from the air stream. These devices are widely used in the cement industry as dry scrubbers. It is used since it removes large size particulate matters. The particulate matters which is removed because of…

INTRODUCTION Valves are one of the most important and commonly used control devices in the industry. It is very important to know the flow characteristics inside a valve. The recent advancement in computational techniques paved the way for simulating complex flow problems. The flow through a valve can be easily simulated…

INTRODUCTION The understanding of the underlying chemical reactions is very important in the study of combustion since it dictates the rate of reaction controls the rate of combustion. The chemical rates also determine the rate of formation of the pollutants. The study of the chemical reactions and the rate of chemical…

INTRODUCTION The most important method by which power is generated is by burning fossil fuels. Burning or combustion is  a process where the hydrocarbon fuels reacts with oxygen in the atmospheric air and generates heat as well as other products of combustion.The combustion of fossil fuels results in the generation…

INTRODUCTION The pipe flow is a branch of fluid mechanics in which a fluid is passed through a closed conduit. The study of the flow through a pipe is very important in engineering since it has a very wide range of applications from power transmission to logistics.  In many engineering devices, fluid power is transferred…

  The Finite Volume Method (FVM)   The Finite Volume Method (FVM) is a technique used in the solution of partial differential equations representing the conservation laws. FVM is a numerical technique that transforms the partial differential equations over differential volumes into discrete algebraic equations…

1. Use the "moles" method/function of the A object and explain how it was calculated. You need to use this after line number 9. `CH_4 + 2(O_2 + 3.76N_2) -> CO_2 + 2H_2O + 2 \times3.76N_2` The mole fraction of oxygen  `\chi_{O_2} =0.21` and the mole fraction of nitrogen `\chi_{N_2} = 0.79` `\chi_{O_2)…

INTRODUCTION In this challenge, a geometry is defined and meshed using the blockMesh utility in OpenFoam. The blockMesh utility creates parametric meshes with grading and curved edges. The mesh is generated from a dictionary file named blockMeshDict located in the constant/polyMesh directory…

INTRODUCTION The flow through a convergent-divergent nozzle is simulated using the MacCormack's method. The flow through the nozzle is assumed to be a one-dimensional flow. This is an approximation since the flow through a nozzle is 2D in nature, but the 1D approximation is very reasonable in the engineering standpoint…

INTRODUCTION The general heat conduction equation without heat generation in the 2D cartesian coordinate system can be represented as : `\frac{\partialT}{\partialt} = \alpha(\frac{\partial^2T}{\partialx^2} + \frac{\partial^2T}{\partialy^2})` where`T` represents the temperature, `t` represents the time, `x` represents…

INTRODUCTION The Taylor table method was used to derive an expression for central-difference, skew-right and skew-left schemes which are fourth-order accurate.     DERIVATION OF SCHEMES For a fourth-order central difference scheme the number of nodes to be considered = p+q-1. Where p is the order of the derivative…

INTRODUCTION File parsing and data processing are very important in the industry. In this challenge, we are implementing the file parsing and data processing of the output file from a simulation using Converge CFD. AIM  In this challenge, file parsing and data processing are implemented using python. RESULTS AND CODE…

INTRODUCTION Curve fitting is the process of constructing a mathematical function which best fits a set of data points subjecting to some constraints. A set of data points which consist of the Temperature and the specific heat at constant pressure is obtained and a function is generated which best suits the curve. …

INTRODUCTION Many physical systems can be described using ordinary differential equations (ODEs), solving the ODEs means that the solution of the ODE can be used to predict the behaviour of the physical system. There are dedicated modules in the numpy module of the scipy library in python which can be used to solve an…

INTRODUCTION Otto cycle is the air standard cycle behind the working of gasoline engines. The Otto cycle consists of two isentropic and two constant volume processes. Heat addition and rejection takes place at a constant volume. The expansion and compression are adiabatic processes. AIM  The aim of this challenge…

INTRODUCTION    The Rayleigh-Taylor instability or RT instability is the instability of an interface between two fluids when the heavier fluid is on top of the lighter fluid. The RT waves are found in many phenomena where a denser fluid is accelerated into a rarer fluid. The main examples are the mushroom cloud…

Adiabatic flame temperature is the maximum temperature that can be achieved by a fuel-oxidizer mixture when there is no energy loss to the surrounding. The AFT can be calculated in two ways the constant volume AFT and the constant pressure AFT.   Calculate the constant pressure AFT value for Methane-Air mixture for…

INTRODUCTION The Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis is carried out in the given simulation. The main aim of CHT analysis is the simulation of heat transfer between a solid and a fluid. The successful CHT simulation requires a multi-region mesh with a clear definition of the interface in the domain of the problem.  Conjugate…

AIM  The aim of the present work is to simulate the flow over an Ahmed body.  An Ahmed body is a simplified model of a car, which is used to validate the tools used in external aerodynamic flow simulation. The flow around complex car geometries is very hard to validate. Ahmed body is used as the benchmark for…