EMISSION CHARACTERIZATION - CAT3410 ENGINE The objective of this project is to analyze two piston bowl configurations of CAT3410 Engine and characterize their emissions: Soot, NOx and UHC using CONVERGE CFD. The bowl piston configurations are made using make surface option in CONVERGE. We are given bowl profile of Omega…

Linear Convection: 1D solver The 1D wave equation is one of the most basic equations of CFD and solving this helps to provide a solid ground to solve other complex equations. The given equation is of first order, `(∂u)/ (∂t) +c(∂u)/(∂x)=0` where,  c = arbitrary constant in the equation. We solve…

AIR STANDARD CYCLE: OTTO CYCLE  The objective of this project is to simulate the kinematics of an engine and also create a PV plot for an Otto cycle with given specific parameters. A program in Python is written to derive the PV plot for a given engine with a specific compression ratio and geometric configurations.…

SI ENGINE CASE SETUP a). Run the case at 1800 rpm and list down important parameters air flow rate BMEP BSFC In-cylinder pressure b). Increase the power output at 3600 rpm by 10% For solving both these cases, we can first define each case in GT-SUITE with respect to both RPM values, 3600 and 1800 respectively. The changes…

FLOW OVER A THROTTLE BODY: TRANSIENT STATE The objective of this project is to simulate the flow through a throttle body in transient state conditions. The throttle body is designed using external CAD software and is imported and cleaned for the particular simulation using CONVERGE. The flow of processing is as follows:…

STEADY AND UNSTEADY 2D HEAT CONDUCTION The steady and unsteady solvers are part of the complex mechanics involved in calculating numerical solutions for real life situations such as heat conduction in a metal plate. Normally, it would be in a 3D environment but for now we are solving under 2 spatial derivatives. …

HANDLING MIXTURES USING CANTERA In this mini-project, we will try to understand how mixtures are created and how their respective mole and mass fractions calculated using Cantera.  First of all, we are given this snippet of code to start our calculations and analyze the code. Questions and Answers Question 1: Use…

AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE AND DELAY USING CANTERA In this project, we work on two objectives: 1. To simulate the Auto Ignition Time for Methane under the following conditions, (simulation time = 10 secs) Plot the variation of Auto Ignition time of Methane with a constant temperature of 1250K and pressure varying…

SHOCK TUBE SIMULATION A shock tube simulation is one of the fundamental methods to study chemical kinetics and ignition delay. It basically consists of a tube with two regions, a high pressure and low pressure region. At a certain point of time, these regions are made to coalesce to produce shocks, that when produced in…

COMPARISON BETWEEN CI AND SI ENGINES SI Engine (Spark Ignition Engine) Spark Ignition (SI) Engine is a type of engine in which the combustion takes place by the spark generated by the spark plug. It uses petrol as fuel and works on Otto cycle. In the spark ignition engine the air fuel mixture is inserted into the cylinder…

ADIABATIC FLAME TEMPERATURE - A CASE STUDY The objective of this project is to write a program in Python to plot the effect of equivalence ratio on the final adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) by assuming the combustion process of methane. Results are also then compared with Cantera and some case studies are done to know…

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AN ENGINE FOR TRACTOR APPLICATION IN INDIA In this project, we are going to perform a thermodynamic analysis of a tractor engine with given target specifications: Power - 75 HP BSFC targets - min 210 g/kh and max 225 g/kWh cooled EGR configuration Max Torque is 20% more than rated Torque Consider…

TURBO CHARGER MESHING - ANSA The objective of this project is to perform meshing for a given trubocharger model using ANSA. The model is cleaned and checked for errors, then using the given element size, is meshed accordingly. For any meshing process, the following steps are necessary. Geometry checks Surface cleaning…

CURVE FITTING - THERMODYNAMIC DATA CURVE The objective of this project is to perform curve fitting for a thermodynamic data set given. The data set contains temperature and specific heat values and they are used to create a curve fit using appropriate polynomial expressions. The perfect fit is chosen from a series of fits…

FLOW THROUGH A BACKWARD FACING STEP In this project, we are going to simulate flow through a backward facing step using CONVERGE CFD. The step by step process is as follows: Design the block diagaram in CONVERGE using create and loft options or import geometry if available through .stl format. Set up the case using appropriate…

SIMULATION OF FLOW THROUGH A BACKWARD FACING STEP In this project, we are going to simulate the flow along a backward facing step using OpenFOAM. The icoFoam solver is used and a block mesh file along with the initial conditions are changed in the respective directories. For this process, first we have to copy the contents…

CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER SIMULATION Conjugate heat transfer corresponds with the combination of heat transfer in solids and heat transfer in fluids. In solids, conduction often dominates whereas in fluids, convection usually dominates. Conjugate heat transfer is observed in many situations. For example, heat sinks are optimized…

TAYLOR TABLE METHOD The taylor table method is a way to solve and derive for any higher order approximations for higher order derivatives. In this project, we are going to perform a comparison on a second order derivative with 4th order approximations by the following schemes: 1. Central difference scheme 2. Skewed right…

PORT FUEL INJECTION ENGINE (SI8 PFI) SIMULATION The objective of this project is to complete the modelling of a PFI Engine and run a simulation in CONVERGE CFD. We had already performed no-hydro simulations to test the profile and in this section, we can directly jump into the spray modelling and nozzle setup for the simulation.…

MULTIVARIATE NEWTON RAPHSON SOLVER In this project, we solve a set of equations with multiple variables using the newton raphson solver. The set of equations are:                               The change here is that we are incorporating a new step…

HOOD MESHING AND HEMMING PROCESS - ANSA The objective of this project is to perform meshing for a given hood model using ANSA. The model is cleaned and checked for errors, then using the given element size, is meshed accordingly. For any meshing process, the following steps are necessary. Geometry checks Surface cleaning…

EFFECT OF PREHEATING ON VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF A RECUPERATOR The objective of this project is to study the effect of preheating on a recuperator setup and analyze the properties that change as a function of the temperature increase. We will analyze the setup using Cantera and its library functions are used to calculate…

TURBOCHARGERS IN GT-SUITE There are different varieties of turbochargers such as: Fixed Turbo charger model Waste gate Turbo charger model Variable Geometry Turbine (VGT) model 2 Stage Turbo charger model E-Turbo model Fixed Turbocharger model: In this model, the geometry of both the compressor and the turbine is fixed…

PRANDTL MEYER SHOCK WAVE SIMULATION A supersonic expansion fan, technically known as Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan, a two-dimensional simple wave, is a centered expansion process that occurs when a supersonic flow turns around a convex corner. The fan consists of an infinite number of Mach waves, diverging from…

FLOW OVER A THROTTLE BODY: STEADY STATE The objective of this project is to simulate the flow through a throttle body in steady state conditions. The throttle body is designed using external CAD software and is imported and cleaned for the particular simulation using CONVERGE. The flow of processing is as follows: Import…

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF GRI MECHANISM REACTIONS Sensitivity analysis is the method used to identify how much a specific parameter affects the overall property of any mechanism, i.e, how sensitive the mechanism is to the given parameter and its changes. This analysis is performed here to find out how temperature changes…

IP SUBSTRATE - SIDE DOOR MESHING - ANSA The objective of this project is to perform meshing for given IP substrate side door model using ANSA. The model is cleaned and checked for errors, then using the given element size, is meshed accordingly. For these IP models, we are going to perform a mid surface casting mesh and…

1D SUPER SONIC NOZZLE FLOW SIMULATION: USING MACCORMACK METHOD The objective of this project is to simulate a 1D quasi flow through a convergent-divergent nozzle, using the MacCormack method. For this, we need to define and derive: 1. The governing equations for 1D quasi flow through a nozzle 2. MacCormack method: A summary…

BMW M6 MESHING - ANSA The objective of this project is to perform meshing for a given BMW M6 exterior model using ANSA. The model is cleaned and checked for errors, then using the given element size, is meshed accordingly. For any meshing process, the following steps are necessary. Geometry checks Surface cleaning (if…

FRM Modeling FRM or Fast-Running Model is a method to solve IC engine problems in GT-SUITE by controlling and compressing the detailed model into something that has the basic necessities to perform a faster simulation at the cost of a little accuracy. But the overall model is fairly accurate and provides a ball park view…

IC ENGINE OUTPUT DATA ANALYSIS - FILE PARSING USING PYTHON The objective of this project is to analyze a given engine output data file derived from Converge CFD and using it for file parsing and getting relevant plots for whichever data the user prefers. The data file contains a large list of engine parameters and a program…