Sketch a G+1 residential plan according to Vaastu Shastra and Calculation of Loads as per IS code

Sketch a G+1 residential plan according to Vaastu Shastra and Calculation of Loads as per IS code?

Ans- Aim -

•  Sketch a Plan of G+1 floor residential plan, according to Vaastu Shastra, and list down the names of the structural drawings required to be provided to the site for construction.
• Also, assume the sizes of the structural elements (Column, Beam, Slab, etc.,) and accordingly calculate the individual corresponding loads from the members as per IS code.

 Introduction to Vaastu Shastra-

• Vastu shastra is the ancient Indian science of architecture and acts as a guideline to design your home in the way that enhances positive energy
• Our nature is abundant with powerhouses of energy sources like the sun, wind, moon, water, earth and fire.
• Effect of sunrays, flow of winds, pull of earth's magnetic field and other such cosmic energies 
• A good home needs to radiate the right kind of energy
• A person dwelling in a house comes under the influence of a specific energy field which comes under the influence of specific energy field
• Architectural changes are not possible for a ready to move in house.

      

Significance of eight directions-

• Four cardinal direction North, South, East and West.
• Four intercardinal direction North-east, North-West, South-east and South-west.
• Each direction signifies an aspect of life and is governed by various gods
• North-wealth
• South -Dharma
• West and East -Overall Prosperity

Basic Principal of vastu shastra-

• Shape- Room should be preferably be square or rectangle
• Room Basics- Rooms should be airy, Well lit, bright and clean
• Home centre - Centre of the house should be an empty space
• Stair and Furniture- Heavy furniture should be kept in the south west direction

• Water- Avoid keeping plants and water features in the bedroom
• Dining table- Dining space should be near the kitchen and not near the main door
• Mirror placement- Mirror facing the bed is strictly not allowed. mirrors in the bedroom need to be placed in such a way that the bed cannot be seen 

Auspicious direction as per vastu shastra:-

• Kitchen - South east is the best , North-East to be avoided
• Staircase - South-West is the best, North-east to be avoided 
• Toilet - North-west is the best, North-east to be avoided
• Master Bedroom - South-West is the best 
• Guest Room- North-west is the best 
• Living Room- North-west is the best
• Over Head Tanks- West is the best 
• Underground Tanks- North-East is the best, South-west to be avoided

Gateway (Entrance) of the house:-

• Main Entrance is not only the entry point for the family but also for energy
• Main door should be stronger and bigger than other doors in the house and made of superior quality wood preferably teak wood.
• Main door should be not be dark because good energy is associated with bright and cheery places
• Garbage bags, unwanted things and shoes should be kept away from the main door 
• Main door should open inward and avoid creaky sounds
• The Mains door should be constructed in a way to ensure that when you step out, you face the north, East or in the north-east direction 
• Avoid painting the main door black and placing of animal statues near the door.

        

Living Room:-

• Living room should be cluster free and it is the place where the family spends most time together
• Living room should face east, north or north-east, north -west facing living room is also favourable.
• Heavy furniture should be kept in the west or south-west direction of the living room 
• Electronic appliances should be installed in the south-east section of the living room
• If planning for a mirror in this room, ensure you place in the north wall 

    

Bed Room:-

• Bedroom in south -west direction brings good health and prosperity
• Avoid bedroom in south-east as it may cause health issue
• Avoid in south-east zone as it may cause quarrel among couples 
• Bed should be placed in the south-west corner of the bedroom with head facing west
• Avoid placing a mirror or television in front of the bed, because reflection causes reflection causes fight and other domestic disruptions
• Avoid having painting depicting water or a fountain as it could cause emotional outbursts
• Using of aromatic oils create an oasis of calm
• Never sleep with your head in the north 
• Avoid overhanging beams in the room to enjoy good health
• use solid wooden beds instead of hollow wrought-iron beds
• Paint the bedroom walls in neutral or earthy shades that radiates positive energy 
• Bedrooms are the place for rest and repose and it's good to have soothing wall colours for a peaceful area .

Pooja Room:-

• Rooms in a house for meditation and prayers will ensure spiritual growth
• East or north-east part of your home is perfect for meditation, yoga and spiritual pursuits
• Facing East when you meditate will increase positivity
• White, beige or a light yellow or green are great colour options for meditation room 
• Create a Sacred altar and decorate with candles or incense sticks 

Kitchen:-

• Following vastu for kitchen ensures a healthy life for your family growth
• Keep water sink away from the gas stove 
• Fridge needs to be placed at south-west corner
• Never let your kitchen face a washroom wall nor share a common wall with it 

Study Room:-

• Select a square or rectangle shape for the study table
• Don't place the table facing a blank wall or window 
• Placing a table in the north-east, east or west direction is ideal
• Hanging book shelves are best avoided.

Courtyard:-

• Brahmas than is a unique feature of ancient architecture based on vastu shastra 
• It is the centre of your residence and holiest and most powerful zone 
• A traditional home in Kerala, the courtyard is always at the centre of the house
• This part should be perfect and clutter-free
• The placement of kitchen, bathroom or pillar/beam attracts negative energy.

                              

Procedure-

• Sketch of Ground Floor Plan- 

      

• Dimension of Ground Floor Plan 

Drawing /Living Room - 4.76*3.8 M 

Dining room               - 4.5*3.5M

Bed room                   - 4.5*4m

Store Room                - 3.5*2.8m

Wash Room                -2.5*3.5m

Guest Room               - 4.2*3.3m

Kitchen                      -3.2*3.8m 

Parking Area              -6.23*3.5m

Pooja Room               - 2.8*3.5m 

• Sketch of First Floor Plan- 

        

• Dimension of First Floor Plan 

Bed Room1  - 4.5*4 M 

Toilet           - 3.5*2.5M

Study Room - 3*3.3 M 

Bed Room 2 - 4*3.5M 

Terrance      - 13.69*4 M 

• Other Dimension- 

Thickness of external/internal wall - 0.23M (230mm)

 Thickness of slab - 0.25m (250mm)

Dimensions of column- 0.3*0.3 M

Height of the wall of ground floor - 4M

Height of the wall of First Floor - 4 m

Indian Standard Codes which I am going to use for load calculations:

• IS456:2000, Revised 2016 for Reinforced Concrete Structure
• IS875-1987, Revised 2018 (Part 1) for Dead Load
• IS875-1987, Revised 2015 (Part 2) for Live Load
• IS875-1987, Revised 2015 (Part 3) for Wind Load

RESULT-

GROUND FLOOR :

A.) Dead load of Calculation:

     1. Column= (300mm x 300mm)

Dead load of column= Self weight of column

Column height= Height of wall + Slab thickness= 4+0.125= 4.125m

Column Size= 0.30m x 0.30m x 4.125m =0.371m3

Unit weight of concrete (RCC)= 25 KN/m3

Dead Load of column= Total volume of concrete x Unit weight of concrete

                              = 0.371m3 x 25 KN/m3=9.275 KN 

Dead load of column= Self weight of column=9.275KN

As per design, assume 16  number of columns are provided

2. Beam= (300 x 450MM)

Beam Size= 0.3m x 0.45m

We will calculate, load in the form of UDL

Unit weight of concrete(RCC)=25KN/m3

Dead load of Beam= Beam size x Unit weight of concrete

                           =0.3 x 0.45 x 25

Dead load of Beam = 3.375KN/m

3. Exterior Wall load on beam:

Wall load on beam= Dead load of wall

Height of the wall=4 m

Thickness of the exteior wall=230mm=0.23m

Unit weight of brick wall = 20KN/m3

Dead load of wall= (Height of wall x Thickness of the exterior wall) x Unit weight of brick wall

                        = 4x 0.23 x 20

Exterior Wall load on beam= 18.4KN/m

4. Interior Wall load on beam:

Wall load on beam= Dead load of wall

Height of the wall=4 m

Thickness of the interior wall=230mm=0.230m

Unit weight of brick wall = 20KN/m3

Dead load of wall= (Height of wall x Thickness of the exterior wall) x Unit weight of brick wall

                        = 4 x 0.23 x 20

Exterior Wall load on beam= 18.4 KN/m

5. Self weight of slab:

Self weight of slab=Dead load of load

Thickness of slab=125mm=0.125m

Self weight of RCC slab= thickness of slab x Unit weight of RCC

                                 = 0.125 x 25=3.125KN/m2

6. Self weight of ceiling: 0.25KN/m2 (As per IS 875 Part 1)

7. Self weight of roofing= 0.83Kn/m2 (As per IS 875 Part 2)

8. Floor Finish=1KN/m2

RESULT-

FIRST FLOOR :

A.) Dead load of Calculation:

     1. Column= (300mm x 300mm)

Dead load of column= Self weight of column

Column height= Height of wall + Slab thickness= 4+0.125= 4.125m

Column Size= 0.30m x 0.30m x 4.125m =0.371m3

Unit weight of concrete (RCC)= 25 KN/m3

Dead Load of column= Total volume of concrete x Unit weight of concrete

                              = 0.371m3 x 25 KN/m3=9.275 KN 

Dead load of column= Self weight of column=9.275KN

As per design, assume 16  number of columns are provided

2. Beam= (300 x 450MM)

Beam Size= 0.3m x 0.45m

We will calculate, load in the form of UDL

Unit weight of concrete(RCC)=25KN/m3

Dead load of Beam= Beam size x Unit weight of concrete

                           =0.3 x 0.45 x 25

Dead load of Beam = 3.375KN/m

3. Exterior Wall load on beam:

Wall load on beam= Dead load of wall

Height of the wall=4 m

Thickness of the exteior wall=230mm=0.23m

Unit weight of brick wall = 20KN/m3

Dead load of wall= (Height of wall x Thickness of the exterior wall) x Unit weight of brick wall

                        = 4x 0.23 x 20

Exterior Wall load on beam= 18.4KN/m

4. Interior Wall load on beam:

Wall load on beam= Dead load of wall

Height of the wall=4 m

Thickness of the interior wall=230mm=0.230m

Unit weight of brick wall = 20KN/m3

Dead load of wall= (Height of wall x Thickness of the exterior wall) x Unit weight of brick wall

                        = 4 x 0.23 x 20

Exterior Wall load on beam= 18.4 KN/m

5. Self weight of slab:

Self weight of slab=Dead load of load

Thickness of slab=125mm=0.125m

Self weight of RCC slab= thickness of slab x Unit weight of RCC

                                 = 0.125 x 25=3.125KN/m2

6. Self weight of ceiling: 0.25KN/m2 (As per IS 875 Part 1)

7. Self weight of roofing= 0.83Kn/m2 (As per IS 875 Part 2)

8. Floor Finish=1KN/m2

GROUND FLOOR :

1.) Live Load Calculation:

• Drawing/Living Room = 4.76m x 3.8m = 18.088 squre m
• Dining Room= 4.5m x 3.5m =15.75 squre m 
• Bedroom= 4.5m x 4m = 18 squre mtr.
• Store Room=3.5 mx 2.8m= 9.8 squre mtr 
• Wash Room =2.5m x3.5 m=8.75 squre mtr
• Guest room = 4.2m x 3.3m=13.86 squre mtr
• Kitchen = 3.2 mx 3.8m=12.16 squre mtr
• Parking = 6.23m x3.5m= 21.805 squre mtr.
• Pooja Room = 2.8mx3.5m=9.8 squre mtr 

RESULT-

S.Nor	Building units	Load as per IS code      in UDL KN/m2	Area    in m2	Live load   in KN
1	Drawing/Living Room	2 KN/m2	18.088	36.176
2	Dinning Room	2 KN/m2	15.75	31.5
3	Bed room	2 KN/m2	18	36
4	Store room	2 KN/m2	9.8	19.6
5	Wash room	2 KN/m2	8.75	17.5
6	Guest room	2 KN/m2	13.86	27.72
7	Kitchen	2 KN /m2	12.16	24.32
8	Parking Area	2 KN/m2	21.805	43.61

9

Pooja room

2 KN/m2

9.8

19.6

FIRST FLOOR :

1.) Live Load Calculation:

• Bedroom 1= 4.5m x 4m = 18 squre mtr.
• Toilt =3.5 mx 2.5m= 8.75 squre mtr 
• Study Room =3m x3.3 m=9.9 squre mtr
• Bed room = 4m x 3.5m=14 squre mtr
• Terrace= 13.69 mx 4m=54.76 squre mtr 

 RESULT-

S.Nor	Building units	Load as per IS code      in UDL KN/m2	Area    in m2	Live load   in KN
1	Bed room 1	2 KN/m2	18	36
2	Toilet	2 KN/m2	8.75	17.5
3	Study Room	2 KN/m2	9.9	19.8
4	Bedroom	2 KN/m2	14	28
5	Terrace	3 KN/m2	54.76	164.28

C.) Wind Load Calculation:(IS 875 PART 3)

• Wind load shall be considered when the building height exceeds the 10m
• Here, the building height is less than 10m hence, wind load calculation is ignored

 Wind Loads

When the height of a building is more than 10m, the building needs to be designed for wind Load. These horizontal loads are caused by wind acting on the structure. Wind load acts horizontally towards walls and roof surface.

Calculation Procedure:

Step 1: Calculate the Design Wind Speed (Vz)

       Vz=Design wind speed at height z, in m/s

          = vb x k1 x k2 x k3 x k4

       Where Vb, k1, k2, k3 and k4 are as described below

• Basic Wind Speed (Vb)

     The basic wind speed can be taken from figure 1 of IS 875 part III entitled Basic Wind Speed in m/s (             Based on 50- years return period). the wind speed varies between 55, 50, 47, 44, 39 and 33 m/s                   depending on its location within the given map.

      Probability factor / Risk Coefficient(k1)

    This value can be taken from table 1 risk Coefficient For Different Classes of Structures in Different Wind          Speed zones. In the design of buildings and structures, a regional basic wind speed having a mean return        period o 50 years shall be used except as specified in the note of Table 1. In the table the values for k1 is        determined by the class of the structure and its life span in years                        

• Terrain Height Factor(k2)

     This value can be taken from table 2 factors to obtain Design Wind Speed Variation with height in different       terrains. This factor is divided into 4 categories:                           

• Topography Factor(k3)

     The effect of topography shall be significant at a site when the upwind slope is more than 3 degree, and         below that, k3 value may be taken as 1.0. k3 value ranges from 1.0-1.36 for upwind slope greater than 3       degree. It varies with height above grund level, at a maximum near the ground, and reducing to 1.0 at            higher levels. for evaluating the value of k3 greater than 1.0 refer to appendix C of IS 875 part 3

• Importance Factor for the Cyclonic Region (k4)

    As stated in clause 6.3.4 of IS 875 part 3 studies of wind speed and damage to buildings and structure            point to the fact that the speed given in the basic wind speed map are often exceeded during the cyclones.      The effect of cyclonic storms is largely felt in a belt of approximately 60km width at the coast. In order to        ensure better safety of structure in regions prone to cyclones, the following values of k4(as recommended       in IS 15498) are stipulated as applicable according to the importance of the structure:

• Structure of post-cyclonic importance for emergency services (such as cyclone shelters, hospitals, schools, communication tower, etc) ; k4 = 1.30
• Industrial Structure ;k4=1.15
• All other structures ; k4=1.00

     Step 2: Calculate Wind pressure(Pz)

     Pz= Design pressure at height z. in N/m2

         = 0.6 Vz^2

     Where Vz is the design wind speed described in step 2

     Step 3: Calculate Design Wind Pressure (Pd)

     Pd=Design wind pressure, in N/m2

    = Kd x Ka x Kc x Pz

     Pd shall not be taken as less than 0.7 Pz

     Where Pd is taken from step 2 while Kd, Ka, and Kc are described below

• Kd is described in clause 7.2.2 As the area becomes larger, the correlation of measured values decrease and visa-versa. the decrease in pressure due to larger areas may be taken into account as given in table 4 Area Averaging Factor(Ka)

     The tributary are is divided into two as described in Clause 7.2.2.1

     -Overall structure- for evaluating loads on frames, the tributary area shall be taken as the centre to                 entre distances between frames multiplied by the individual panel dimension in the other direction                   together with overall pressure coefficients

     -Individual Elements- For beam type elements, purlins, etc, the tributary area shall be taken as                       effective span multiplied by spacing. The effective span is the actual span for mid span and                             cantilever load effects; and half the sum of adjacent spans for support moments and reactions

• Combination Factor (Kc)

     This factor is described in clause 7.3.3.13. When taking wind loads on frames of clad buildings, it is                 reasonable to assume that the pressures or suctions inside and outside the structure shall not be fully             correlated. Therefore when taking the combined affect of wind loads on the frame, a reduction factor               of Kc= 0.9 may be used over the building envelope when roof is subjected to pressure and internal                 pressure is suction, or vice-versa

      Step 4 : Calculate the Wind Load on Individual Members(F)

      the formula for the wind load on individual members is taken from Clause 7.3.1

       F=(Cpe-CPi) A Pd

       For External Pressure Coefficient of walls 

       Table 5 of IS 875 Part 3 is used. The height to width ratio is used to determine what case to be used.                Furthermore, the building plan ratio (l/w) is taken into account.

• Internal Pressure Coefficient (Cpi)

     The internal pressure coefficient is described in clause 7.3.2 the internal pressure coefficient can be taken       as one of the values below:

     - +0.2/-0.2; where the claddings permit the flow of air with open buildings not more than 5% of the wall         area but there is no large openings

      -+0.5/-0.5; Buildings with medium openings about 5 to 20% of wall area

       -+0.7/-0.7; Building with large openings larger than 20% of the wall area

• Surface Area of Structural Element or Cladding Unit (A)

     This will be calculated based on the dimension given. It is a simple length x width where length and width is taken from calculated dimensions

List of drawings that is mandatory to be provided to the site are-

1. Center line drawing-

• It is used for the marking of the columns at the site during first stage where soil is excavated for the footings
• It contains all the grid positions and column demensions and numbering (provided outside of column)
• It is a important which is first issued to the site
• Grid to grid distance and structural notes and the legends are mandatory 

2. Footing and column layout with reinforecement details:

• It shows the size and dimensions of the footing from center of the columns and also with reference to the gridlines
• Here we can check weather there is a footing clash from which we can manage by altering the dimension is required directions so there is no clash obtained
• Grid to grid distance and structural notes and the legends are mandatory

                                           

3. Column schedule with reinforcement:

• Typical footing layout details are provided
• Reinforcement details of the column is required
• For respective columns provided the column size and column reinforcement detail and strirrups details is also to be provided
• Footings also has to be categorized

4. Plinth beam layout with reinforcement details:

• Provide the column that are connected to the soil at the plinth level
• Specify all PB footings which describes the reinforcement of the plinth beam
• Numbering and grouping of the PB are important step
• 2 bars at both top and bottom reinforcement are mandatory

5. First floor beam layout with reinforcement details:

• Any details of the floating column
• Where the typical beams connecting the columns
• Beam numbering and grouping is shown

                            

6. First floor Slab layout with reinforcement details:

• Provide the location of the sunken slab with its sunken thickness
• Floor beams and slab dimensions are provided commonly 
• Level Difference if required should be presented
• Reinforecement details of  the slab is must
• Crank position should be indicated
• Details of the main and distribution reinforcement
• Where the typical beams connecting the columns

                          

7. Lift pit and headroom reinforcement details:

• It covers the area of the lift pit area describing the thickness of the RCC wall and waterproof wall
• And provision of the lintel beam is mandatory
• Sectional view of the lift pit is also important
• Lift pit and headroom should be in same position
• Load should be considered before the liftroom

8. Architectural Drawings- An architectural drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that is used by architects to develop a design idea into, a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to enable a building contractor to construct it, as a record of the completed work, and to make a record of a building that already exists.

      The followings are typical components found in a full set of architectural construction drawings:

• Setting out plan
• Floor plans 
• Elevation drawings
• Section Drawings
• Working Drawings
• Opening Schedules
• Toad Drainage plan
• Flooring plan
• Furniture plan
• Typical Details

9.Electrical Drawings- These Drawings Shows the location of electrical equipment and their layout in the building-

• Electrical Legend
• Floor Lighting Plan
• Floor Power Plan 
• Single Line Diagram
• Fire Alarm layout 
• Floor Sound System and CCTV Camera 
• Equivalency chart 
• Lightening Protection Earthing Details

10.Public Health Drawings-  

• Legend and general Notes 
• Sewerage and rainwater layout plan
• Manhole Schedule
• Plumbing Construction Details 
• Water Supply Layout

11.Structural Drawings- Important Structural drawings for a project

•  Centre line drawing
• Footing and Column layout with reinforcement Details
• Column Schedule with reinforcement details
• Plinth beam layout with reinforcement details
• First Floor Beam layout with reinforcement details
• First Floor Slab layout With reinforcement details 
• Lift Pit and headroom reinforcement details

12.Fire Fighting Drawings-

•  Legend and notes
• Fire Fighting layout Plan (For each floor)

13.HVAC Drawings -

•  Legend and general notes 
• AC Layout Plan For each Floor 
• Equipment Schedule and installation Details 

14. Landscape Drawings- 

•  Landscape plans are more often used to depict the external aesthetics of the building you can also include in them the paths, roads, pavements, parking areas, etc.

15. Submission Drawings- 

•  Submission drawings are prepared with reference to the by-laws drafted and implemented by an authority 
• They are sent to the authorities for their approval and include index plans, detailed drawings, elevation drawings, and other sectional plans.

16.Environment Plans - 

•  Some projects are built around rivers or streams 
• In that case, the environmental plans offer insights into how erosion and sedimentation will be managed.
• Not only this, but these drawings also talk about plant removal Procedures and chemical mechanisms.
• Moreover, it also has the procedures and plans to attenuate the harmful effects.

Results :-

• The plan of G+1 Floor Residential Building is prepared with consideration of Concept of Vaastu Shastra.
• The load calculations are done as per the IS code considerations.

  References and IS codes used for the design :-

• IS 875 :1987  (Part 1) for Dead load

• IS 875 :1987  (Part 2) for Live load 

• IS 875 :1987  (Part 3) for Wind load 

• IS 456 :2000 for Reinforced Concrete