• The frame - structural, load-carrying component that supports the car's engine and body, which are in turn supported by the suspension
• The suspension system - a setup that supports weight, absorbs and dampens shock, and helps maintain tire contact
• The steering system - a mechanism that enables the driver to guide and direct the vehicle
• The tires and wheels - components that make vehicle motion possible by way of grip and/or friction with the road.

The mid surfacing is generated for surfaces with less than 5mm and Volume Tetra mesh is performed for the other parts.

Procedure

• Perform Topo clean up of the geometry and make sure that parts have closed volumes for tetra mesh

Tyre and Rim - Tetra meshing is to be performed on these parts

Quality Criteria for Tria Elements (Tyre and Rim):

S.No	Quality Criteria	Value
1	Target/Average length	6.5
2	Minimum Length	5
3	Maximum Length	10
4	Skewness	45

• Initially, the tria shell mesh is performed before the volume meshing.
• Batch meshing - scenario is created for these two parts and mesh parameters are inputted into the scenario.

• Quality of the trias are fixed before volume meshing using split and move tools.
• Next, the volume is created and then tetra meshing performed.
• Once the volume meshed, Tet-collapse 0.2 is satisfied, kinks and dinks are fixed.

Mid surfacing of parts that have less than 5mm thickness

• Skinning is used to generate the mid surfaces and set PID is used to organize the macros according to their respective thickness.
• Best and spot mesh is used to perform the shell meshing of these components.

S.No	Quality Criteria	Value
1	Target/Average length	4
2	Minimum Length	2
3	Maximum Length	6
4	Aspect	3
5	Warpage	15
6	Skewness	45
7	Jacobian	0.7
8	Minimum Quad Angle	45
9	Maximum Quad Angle	135
10	Minimum Tria Angle	30
11	Maximum Tria Angle	120

• Again the quality of the shell is fixed and unwanted trias removed.

For other components tetra meshing

S.No	Quality Criteria	Value
1	Target/Average length	4
2	Minimum Length	2
3	Maximum Length	6
4	Skewness	45

• Each part is batch meshed with trias, the volumes are created for individual parts before tetra meshing.

• Spring is represented using 1D bar elements with element length 3.

Connections

• Spot weld, bolt connections are used to connect the various parts of the subsystem.
• The Rim, hub, disc, and knuckle are connected to each other using bolt FE representation using RBE2 elements

• The brackets are seam welded to the strut using overlap shell weld.

• Other Volume Tetra meshed components are again joined together using cluster RBE2 and then joined together using a two-node RBE2.

Learning Outcomes :

• Solid Tetra meshing and Preparation for volume meshing using trias.
• Understanding of connections between the various parts of the Suspension subsystem.

Conclusion :

• The subsystem is represented as the FE model by making sure the input mesh parameters and quality are met.
• Drive Link : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1d9XctaFBeDtBhaYajqDq6tk3tlPkpa7A/view?usp=sharing