Project 1 _Creating an Architectural plan for the provided plot size and develop relevant basic structural drawings
Aim : To draw :
1. Architectural drawing of a residential building
a. Plan of a two storeyed building
b. Elevation of a two storeyed residential building
c. Section of a two storeyed residential building
2. Structural drawing
a. Column plan layout of the building
b. Beam plan layout of the building
c. Footing plan layout of the building
Procedure :
Step:1 Opening of Autocad ,setting limits
* Open Autocad select metric as we are drawing in cm.
* Set the limits and zoom all(Command -Z-a)
* Set the dimension to decimal units and set the precision.
1. Architectural drawing of a two storeyed residential building
a. Plan of the residential building
Step:2 Drawing the plot, and giving setback.
* Given plot size as 18.3m x6m.
* Mark the direction N,S,E,W.
* By rectangle ,draw the plot giving dimensions as 6 and 18.3 m.
* Give setback from the plot , front- from the road 3m ,2m for the backyard, 1m for the sides.
* The proposed building should come inside the setback drawn.
i. Ground floor plan
Step:3 Drawing wall
* Offset 0.23 m from the boundary after the setback is taken for the wall thickness.
Step:4 Drawing Living room :
* As the orientation is given as East, main door should face East.
* For living room, give 3.1m offset horizontally from the North side
* The size of the room will be 3.1 x 3.5 m.
* Opening for maindoor is create by offseting 1m from the wall and trim the same.
* As per Vaasthu Shastra, North-East is favourable for living room and the entrance should face North or East.
Step:5 Drawing Stair:
* From North wall of living room, draw an offset of 1m for the width of the stair, also offset 1m from the West wall for the width of 2nd flight.
* Stair dimension: tread-25cm
rise - 17.5cm
Width - 1m
Total no: of steps -17 steps
* From 1.3 m from the main door wall , start drawing the steps
* Draw 5 steps in the first flight offseting 0.25m.
* Draw the landing of 100cm width.
* For the 2nd flight steps , again offset 0.25m and draw 12 steps.
* According to Vaasthu Shastra, North-East is avoided for stairs , South-West is the best,North-West is favourable.
Step:6 Drawing dinning room:
* Again offset 3.1m from the living wall for dinning room.
* Width will be 3.5m
* Size of dinning room is 3.1x 3.5 m.
* Create a door opening of 0.90m on the West wall of dinning.
Step:7 Drawing common toilet :
* Below the stairs, from the opening of door of dinning room, create a wall of 0.12m.
* Offset 1.5m from the wall and 1m offset to the East side.
* The size of common toilet is 1.5 x1 m.
* Trim 0.80 m from the wall and is given as door opening.
* North -East should be avoided for toilet as per Vaasthu Shastra.
Step:8 Drawing kitchen:
* Offset 3.2m horizontally from dinning wall and 2m vertically .
* The size of kitchen is 3.2 x2 m.
* Trim 0.90 cm for the door opening.
* Acoording to Vasthu Shastra the ideal position for kitchen is South-East ,with cooking place facing East.
Step:9 Drawing store :
* Draw horizontal offset of 1.2m from kitchen wall .
* Give vertical offset of 1.5m.
* Give wall thickness of 0.12m.
Step:10 -Drawing Master bedroom and toilet:
* From the South wall offset 4.5m and width of 1.9m joining the kitchen wall.
* The size of bedroom is 1.9x 4.5m.
* According to Vaasthu Shastra South- West is ideal for Master bedroom.
* Create opening of 0.90cm by offset and trim commands.
* For toilet, draw an offset horizontal of 1.8m from the store wall.
* Size of toilet is 1.8 x1.5m.
* North-East should be avoided for toilets according to Vaasthu Shastra.
* Trim the excess lines and fillet the corners.
* Create steps in the front of maindoor and the door from dinning room.
Step:11 Inserting text:
* With multiline text , draw the text box, text height as 0.15m and style as arial.
ii. First floor plan
Step:12 Drawing first floor rooms and toilet:
* Copy the plan and delete all the walls except the stairs.
* Two bedrooms are drawn on top floor.
* From the south wall draw an offset of 3.1m horizontally and 3.5 vertically.
* Draw toilet of size 1.5x1.9m.
* Trim the opening of door 0.9m for room and 0.7m for toilet.
* South-West is best for rooms as per Vaasthu Shastra.
* Draw the other room next to the 1st room.
* To draw room offset 3.15m horizontally from wall of toilet and 2.25m vertically.
* Draw toilet by offseting , 1.2m horizontally from the room drawn and 1.8m vertically.
* Draw the partition wall thickness as 0.12m.
* Create opening for doors 90cm for room and 80cm for toilet.
* Next to toilet create a space of 0.88 x1.8 m for placing the ventilator ( so that the ventilator don't face the front of the house)and the plumbing works for the toilet.
Rest of the protion is considered as living area.
Step:13 Inserting text
* With multiline text , mark all the rooms with text height 0.15m and style as arial.
Creating doors and windows and making them as block:
Step :14 Assuming the size of doors and windows , creating them as block and inserting them.
* Assuming the sizes of doors as: D1- 1 x 2.1 m
D2 - 0.90 x2.1m
D3 - 0.70x 2.1 m
* D1 for main doors, D2 for bedroom doors and D3 for toilet doors.
* For door, draw a rectangle of 0.038 x0.076 m for frame.
* Copy this rectangle at a distance of 1m from the frame for door D1. ( as the opening is 1m ).
* From the midpoint of rectangle ,draw a horizontal line 0.005m for hinge .
* Draw a vertical line from this point for the frame and offset 0.01m for the thickness .
* Create a circle from the hinge ,meeting the midpoint of the frame of other side.
* Extend the vertical line to the circle.
* Trim the unwanted portion of the circle.
* D1 is created and make it as a block D1.
* Similary create D2 ( 0.9m distance in between frame)and D3 ( 0.7m distance in between frame) and make it as blocks.
* Insert the block of doors in respective openings.
* Create a sliding door for the common toilet, opening 0.80m
* Command "BEDIT" edit block defenition dialogue box appears , give the parameteer as flip , then give the axis of flip , here both vertical and horizontal axis are given.
* Two flip states are created here.
* Select action as flip , then select the parameter, then the object.
* Use test block to test the flip if it is working or not.
* We can flip the door accordingly while placing.
* Assuming size of windows : W1 - 1.5 x1.5 m
W1- 1.5 X 1.2m
W2 - 1x 1.2m
V- 0.50x0.50 m
* For window, draw a rectangle of 0.038 x0.076 m for frame.
* Draw a line of 1.50 m for W1 and mirror the rectangle on the other side.
* Delete the line, draw another line connecting the midpoint of the rectangle
* Offset 0.015m from the middle line to two sides
* Divide the panel into three for W1.
* Similarly draw 1m for W2 and 0.50 for V.
* Divide the panel into two for W2 and one division for V.
* Make W1, W2 and V into blocks.
* Insert them where ever required.
Dimensioning:
Step:15 Inserting the dimensions
* Command "DIMLINEAR" and select theline of which dimension is to be found.
* Use command "DIMCONTINUE" for repeated dimensioning.
* Suppress extension lines ,give colour to the dimension line, text height as 0.25.
* Command "D" is used for editing the dimension.
Use of Layer
Step:16 Different layers are made and the objects are placed in layers
* Click on layer, layer manager dialogue box apperas.
* Create new layer button and create the layer for walls,stairs, doors,windows,text,dimension.
* Insert the respective elements in the layer..
* Insert steps in front of entrance and opening at the dinning. riser-0.15m and tread-0.30m.
Hatching:
Step:17 Objects are hatched to show thier material property.
* Hatching is done for brick and open terrace.
* ANS 132 , scale -2 is used for brickwork .
* Hatch edit is selected and the colour of hatch is changed to red.
Inserting furniture by design centre:
Step:18 Design centre
* With the help of design centre ,insert the required furniture in the plan.
b. Elevation:
Step:19 Projecting lines to draw the elevation
* Project the wall lines to the top.
* Draw an horizontal line .
* Offset 0.45 m for the plinth level
* Offset 3m for the first floorlevel.
*Again offset 3m for the second floor level.
Step:20 Drawing windows and doors in elevation
* For windows and doors, project the windows from the plan and give a height of 1.2m and 1.5m (for W1 in living and dinning)respectively.
* For doors project the door and give a height of 2.1m.
* Project the shades and draw the shades at top of the window level.
* Trim off the extension lines and make shutters and panels for doors and windows
* Offset 0.02m for the frame for the doors and windows
* For D1 entrance door , create a rectangle,offset 0.02m ,another rectangle offseting 0.015m and also offset 0.02cm for thickness,join the corners by line.
* For bottom panel draw a rectangle with same width as top panel and give a thickness of 0.02m by offseting, draw small rectangle with thickness 0.02m , then copy it for 3 rows and 4 columns.
* For window W1 height 1.50m , draw an offset of 0.02m for the thickness .
* Draw a rectangle offseting 0.07m from the frame , also offset thickness of 0.02m.
* For the bottom panel divide it with height of 0.465m and offset 0.02m thickness for frame.
* Again offset 0.07m from the frame for the shutter,give 0.02m thickness.
* Repeat it for three panels as it is a three panel window.
* Give shade at thetop of the window.
* Copy this for the w1 window
* For W1 with height of 1.20m, draw the frame of 0.02m thickness
* Show the rods of the window, provide the shade.
* For ventilator , draw height of 0.50m and offset for frame 0.02m.
* For first floor, project the wall, window, door line seen in front of the first floor plan.
* From the floor level mark 2.10m height for the lintel level.
* Draw the window from that level.
* Draw window w2 of two panels from the door height to 1.20m.
* Offset 0.02m for the thickness and show the rods.
Copy the window to the other side also .
* Sunshade is also drawn.
* Project 0.75m to top to show the top parapet wall.
* Hatch the window with GHOST GLASS scale -0.01(V) and 0.05 (w).
* Copy the window to the other side also .
* Sunshade is also drawn.
* Project 0.75m to top to show the top parapet wall.
* Hatch the window with GHOST GLASS scale -0.01(V) and 0.05 (w).
c. Section
Step:21 Section of first floor
* Section line of ground floor plan, section A-A.
* Project the lines from the elevation for the height and from the section line of plan for the horizontal members.
Step:22 Drawing windows ,doors and stairs in section
* Draw the window and door which we see after cutting the section line.
* To draw the section of stairs, as the section line cuts through the stairs, draw the 1st flight by offseting 0.175m ie, the rise.
* For second flight we will show the side view with riser,0.175m and tread 0.25m leading to the slab.
* For waist slab,10cm is offseted.
..
* 0.15m lintel thickness is shown on top of every wall as lintel is provided throughout.
* From the floor, 0.10m is offseted for the thickness of the slab.
Step:23 Section of second floor
*Section floor section line is shown:
* Second floor is also drawn by projecting the plan and elevation.
* Draw the section of doors,windows,ventilators wherever the section line cuts.
* Draw the doors and windows visible from viewing from the section line.
* Draw the section of the parapet wall at the top.
Step:24 Drawing of section of columns
* Create columns , by rectangle command 0.23mx0.23m ,place the column in the ground floor plan , in all corners and intersection of walls and place it in layer.
* Copy the same for the first floor
* In the section ,project the column from the plan to the section.
* Mark the ground level, plinth level .
Step :25 Hatching and dimensioning the section
* Hatch the brick wall with ANS 132 scale 0.01.
* Hatch the slab thickeness ,lintel beam with AR_CONC for concrete.
* From the plinth level give 0.1m offset fro the P.C.C.
* With multileader insert the text by marking R.C.C , Brickwall, P.C.C etc.
* Give the dimension
Use of layout :
Step :26 Creating viewports in layout
* Go to layout , and create a plot .
* First set the page to A3 by clicking on page set up manager.
* Create a viewport by "MV"command (multiview ) , draw 4 viewports by rectangle.
* Command "MS" for model space ,go to model space and adjust the view such a way that the plan , elevation and section is visible .
Plot:
Step:27 Plotting the layout
* By plot command ,select layout to be printed, name as dwg. to pdf ( to convert to pdf), pen assignment as monochrome .It can be saved as pdf.
2. Structural drawing
a. Column layout
Step:28 Placing of columns
* Column of size 0.23m x0.23m is considered.
* Columns are placed in all corners of the wall and intersection of walls wherever required.
* Columns are also placed where the staircase ends .
Step:29 Drawing grid lines for columns
* Now draw the centre line for column from the annotate tab -centre line .
* Make it a scale of 0.005.
* Delete all the walls and stair.
Step:30 Marking of grid lines
* Now mark the grid line as 1,2 in the y direction and A,B,C,D,E,F in the x direction.
* Create a circle and insert text into it for he marking.
* Dimension between the grid lines are mentioned as it is used for marking the columns.
b. Beam layout
i.Plinth beam layout
Step:31 Drawing of plinth beam- primary beams
* To draw plinth beam layout, copy the ground floor plan with column .
* Plinth beam is provided below all the walls.
* Primary beam are beams provided from one column to other.
* Secondary beams are beams connected from the primary beams.
* Create a layer for beam .
* First connect the columns by beam of width 0.23m , as the wall thickness is 0.23m, these are the primary beams.
Step:32 Drawing of plinth- secondary beam
* Now connect the other internal walls as beams of width 0.12m , beam to beam connections are secondary beams.
* Delete all the walls.
ii. Beam layout for first floor
Step:33 Drawing of primary beams of top floor.
* Copy the first floor plan with column drawn.
* Draw beam of width 0.23m connecting all the columns
* Here for staircase, a beam is drawn at the landing slab level of top floor.
Step:34 Drawing of secondary beam of top floor
* For all the other walls , beam of 0.12m is provided at bottom portion of the first floor slab.
c. Footing plan layout
Step:35 Drawing of footing
* Isolated footing of size 1m x1m is provided.
* Create a rectangle with dimension 1x1 m , place the centre of rectangle with the centre of column.
* Make a layer for footing and place the footings in that layer.
* Dimension the distance between footing and column.
Step:36 Creating layout and plot for structural drawing
* Create layout as structural and make viewports and place the drawings
Result: Architectural and structural plan of a two storeyed residential building is drawn.
1. Architectural plan is drawn:
a. Plan of two storeyed residential building is drawn
plot:
i. Ground floor plan of residential building
ii. First floor plan of residential building
b. Elevation of the residential building
c. Section of the building
2. Structural plan has been drawn
a. Column layout :
b. Beam layout is drawn:
i. Plinth beam layout is drawing
ii. Beam for first floor is drawn
c. Footing layout is drawn