Identification of Cracks

It is flexural failure.

1A Answer :

1. Observation : Shear failure

2. Reason : diagonal cracks devoloped at end of beam, which means beam failed due to high shear force at ends.

3. It is non repairable

1B Answer :

1. Observation : Compression failure

2. Reason : Crushing of concrete due to high axial compression or improper cover to concrete reinforcement

3. It is non repairable if it is failed due to compression force. if it is improper cover, it can be repaired by providing concrete jacketing.

1C Answer :

1. Observation : It looks like pull out failure

2. Reason : due to inadequate rebar at beam column. so crack devoloped at connection

3. It is non repairable

2A Answer:

1. Observation : Column Buckling failure,

2. Reason : due to eccentric loads the column's rigidity decreases, causing the structure to lose stability faster.

3. It is non repairable

2B Answer:

1. Observation : Column Buckling failure,

2. Reason : column deformed due to excessive axial force (or) slenderness property of member, longer column with lesser cross section (or) improper spacing of stirrups.

3. It is non repairable

2C Answer :

1. Observation : It looks like plastic hinge failure

2. Reason : Plastic hinge failure occurs due to excessive deformations under lateral load. it might have reversal stress during oscillation of structure

3. It is non repairable