Identification of Cracks

Answer 1- a. These cracks occur due to motion of the building during earthquakes, If the bar is yielded then we have to replace the bar and these cracks are reparable, Spalling and rupture can be seen

b. Spalling of the concrete due to thermal expansion and due less curing and material used

c. Flexural failure can be seen as crack developed in the bottom of the beam and moving upward

Ans 2. A. Detailing lack of shear reinforcement at joints and the compaction of concrete not done properly

b. Bulging of the column due to wrong detailing

c. Due to excessive moment and torsion at joint less shear reinf