Creating a Floor plan, Footing detail and Isometric view using AutoCad

Aim: To draw cross section of wall over footing. COMMANDS: • LINE:

We can invoke the Line tool by pressing "L" in the command box and will have to specify starting point of the object we are used to draw. And mention the next remaining points to draw the diagram. Finally, closing the tool by pressing enter. This tool used enormous way in plotting structural drawing.

• POLYLINE:

It means a many line in single entity. To draw a polyline we just invoke the "PL" command in the command box and used to draw the objects. By pressing enter to close the tool. In this way we has single element with multiple

• RECTANGLE:

We can draw rectangles by using Rectangle command in the command box and we give corners of the objectsto plot rectangle in drawing sheet. AutoCAD has modification tools alos. It used to modify,

move, copy, trim, extend, stretch the existing objects and ,make things easily.

• MOVE:

Type "MOVE" in command box to invoke the tool and it used to move existing sketched objects wherever we want to shift and by pressing enter to close the invoking tool.

• COPY:

Type "COPY" in command box to wake this tool and it is used to copy the sketched objects where we need to draw and it is very helpful when we had to draw same element in different area's. So that we just draw one time and copied that to paste where we need to put.

• TRIM:

Type "TRIM to waking up this tool and it is used to cut the extended portion of drawing which sketche beyond the limit of actual dimensions.

• EXTEND:

It is exactly opposite to Trim tool. We can use this to extend the drawings and some places we need to complete unfinished edges. • OFFSET:

This tool is helps to draw parallel lines, polylines, circle, etc., while we use this tool we enter the specific distance to offset the objects.

• ARRAY:

In some cases, we need to draw same objects in multiples times and specific distance. So that, we use this tool to draw by mention the required distance and number of rows and columns we need.

• FILLET:

The edges in a model are generally filleted to reduce the area of stress concentration. The fillet tool helps form round corners between any two entities that form a sharp vertex.

Commands used:

• Line.
• Rectangle.
• Trim.

Procedure:

Step:1 - Create rectangle by typing "REC" in command box

• Specify the first corner point as (5,5)
• Specify the length of rectangle =0.9 units in command box
• Specify width of rectangle =0.25 units in command box

Step:2- Create another rectangle -"REC" in command box.

• Specify the first corner point which is 0.2 units from the starting point of first rectangle.
• Enter the length of rectangle as 0.5 units the width of rectangle as 0.4 units.

Step:3 - Create the third rectangle command- "REC"

• Specify the first corner point which is 0.05 units from the starting point of second rectangle.
• Enter the length of rectangle as 0.4 units the width of rectangle as 0.4 units.

Step :4 - Line is drawn from the corner of third rectangle, command "L"

• Give the length as 1.15 units
• Move cursor downwards and give value 0.15 units and right and give length as 1.15 units.

Step:5 - Fourth rectangle is drawn, command -"REC"

• Specify the first corner point at a distance of 0.05 from the third rectangle
• Give the length as 0.3 and width as 0.6.

Step:6 - from the line drawn in step 4, at a distance of 0.3, draw another line with the distance of 0.15 units vertically and 0.3 units horizontally.

• Continue it two more times, until 3 steps are created.

Step:7 -Draw another rectangle above fourth rectangle, command -"REC".

• Specify the corner point as the corner of the fourth rectangle
• Click on dimension -give length as 0.3 units and width as 0.05 unit.

step:8 - Drawn the fifth rectangle command -"REC"

• Specify the corner point as the corner of fourth rectangular
• Click on dimension -give length as 0.3 units and with as 1 unit.
• Erase the unwanted line by "trim"

Result:The cross section of load bearing wall over spread footing is drawn.

Cross section of an isolated footing

Aim- To draw c/s of an isolated footing.

Commands used:

• Line.
• Offset.
• Trim.

Procedure:

Step1: - Draw a line with command "l" and give 1 units.

- give command "l" and give the relative coordinates as @ 0,0.15

- Give the next coordinate as @ 0.38,0.25.

- Next coordinate is given as @0,1.6

- Give @ 0.28,0

- Next coordinate @0, -1.6

-Next coordinate @0.38, -0.25

- Next @ 0, -0.15 or close.

Step:2 -Draw an offset with the command at a distance of 0.04 from the bottom line to up wards.

• Give the command of "o" and select the object and give the offset distance as 0.04.
• Do the same at the right and left bottom end.
• Trim the unwanted lines.

Step:3 - Give offset from the top line with an offset distance of 0.2 units.

• Give the command "o" an select the object-give the offset distance as 0.2 -select multiple option a 9 such lines
• Trim the excess lines.

RESULT: C/S of isolated footing is drawn:

Line diagram of 2 bedroom building.

Aim : To draw line diagram of 2 bedroom building

Commands used:

• Line.
• Rectangle
• Offset.
• Trim

Procedure:

Step :1 - Creating bedroom room (8.2x3.6) by rectangle.

Step-2 Use the command "Explode" and select the rectangle.

• Draw an off set using the command “O”
• In the command line enter “O” and specify the distance of3.6 units from the left bottom end.
• Draw an offset using the command “O” at a distance of4.2 units from the right bottom end.

Step-3 Extend the two line in the bottom and in the top.

• Draw an off set at a distance of 0.3 between the two line to bottom side.
• Repeat the same step and create two offsets.
• Do the same process in the top.
• Trim the unwanted lines.

Step -4

• Using line command draw a line at a distance of 3.2 units from the left bottom end to up-wards 0.9 units.
• Using line command draw a line at a distance of 3.2 units from the left top end to down-wards 1.8 units.

Result: The line diagram of 2-bedroom building is drawn:

Cross section of load bearing wall showing foundation details.

Aim: To draw the c/s of load bearing wall showing foundation details.

Commands used:

• Line.
• Rectangle.
• Trim.

Procedure:

Step:1 - Create rectangle by typing "REC" in command box.

• Specify the first corner point as (5,5).
• Specify the length of rectangle =0.9 units in command box.
• Specify width of rectangle =0.45 units in command box.

Step:2- Create another rectangle -"REC" in command box.

• Specify the first corner point which is 0.15 units from the starting point of first rectangle.
• Enter the length of rectangle as 0.6 units the width of rectangle as 0.4 units.

Step:3 - Create the third rectangle command- "REC"

• Specify the first corner point which is 0.05 units from the starting point of second rectangle.
• Enter the length of rectangle as 0.5 units the width of rectangle as 0.3 units.

Step:4 - Create the Fourth rectangle command- "REC"

• Specify the first corner point which is 0.05 units from the starting point of second rectangle.
• Enter the length of rectangle as 0.4 units the width of rectangle as 0.6 units.

Step:5 - Drawn the fifth rectangle command -"REC"

• Specify the corner point as the corner of fourth rectangular
• Click on dimension -give length as 0.3 units and with as 1 unit.
• Erase the unwanted line by "trim".

RESULT: The c/s of load bearing wall foundation details is shown:

Isometric view of steps.

Aim: To draw the isometric view of steps.

Commands used:

• Line.
• Isometric plane.

Procedure:

1. To work with isometric view -command "ds" - snap off, grid off. Put isometric snap on .
2. Make sure that ortho mode is on .

Step :1 - From isometric drafting select iso-plane left.

• Give command "l" and moving the cursor to -x direction(left) give 1unit .
• Moving the cursor to+ y direction (top), give 0.15 units.
• Moving the cursor to + x direction again give 1 unit and cursor to -y direction(downwards) give 0.15 unit.

Step:2 - Change the isometric drafting to iso-plane top

• Move the cursor to back and give 0.3 units from the last drawn point.
• Move the cursor to right direction and give 1 unit.
• Move the cursor to front and give 0.3 unit.

Step:3 - Change the isometric drafting to iso-plane right

• Copy the object drawn, ortho off .
• Command "co" and specify the base point and place it to new point.
• Repeat it until 4 steps are formed.

Step:4 - With iso-plane right join the two ends with ortho off.

Result: The steps are drawn in isometric view.

Isometric view of gable wall.

Aim: To draw the isometric view of gable wall.

Commands used:

• Line.
• Isometric plane.

Procedure:

1. To work with isometric view -command "ds" - snap off, grid off. put isometric snap on
2. Make sure that ortho mode is on

Step:1 - From isometric drafting select iso-plane left.

• Give command "l" and moving the cursor to right give 1 unit
• Pointing the cursor upwards give 3 units
• Draw 0.3 units to left and 3 units downwards and 0.3 units to left.

Step:2 - Using isometric right, take line command and draw line upwards of 2.42 units from the starting point of step 1

• Draw 1 unit towards the right and 2.42 units downwards.
• Using isometric left again, using line command draw 0.3 units to left side and draw a line which intersects the top line.

Step 3 – Using iso-metric right with the line command draw 1.0 unit to right Side and 3.0 units upwards.

Step:4 - By using the line command draw a line from bottom left corner @1.5 units and extend line 4 units upwards i.e., total 3.25 units from bottom.

Step :5 - With ortho off, draw a line between the corner of left side and the projected line done in step 4

• Draw it to the other side also till it meets the right corner.

Step:6 - Draw the vertical line with ortho on @0.3 and join the vertical line using line from left and right end same as in the step 5 remove unwanted lines by using erase.

Result: The isometric view of gable wall is drawn:

Conclusion:

Created a floor plan,footing detail and isometric view using AutoCAD and had good understanding of tools like rectangle polylines, isometric views,snap mode, offset mode,copy,move and ortho mode.