Genetic algorithm

1. There are two organisations which that deals with the categorization of aircrafts based on their weights namely, FAA – Federal Aviation Administration ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization (HQ: Montreal, Canada) While FAA is U.S.A specific, ICAO governs the entire world in the aircraft domain.…

1. comparison between mapped and dynamic models: Mapped models Dynamic models 1.      Here, the data required for simulating and analysing the model are to entered in the form of a lookup table which will be eventually utilised by the components in the power train. Dynamic model is more or less…

When the vehicle gets braked, for a given driving cycle, the kinetic energy of the vehicle gets converted into heat energy via friction. The tractive force mainly comprises of inertia force of the vehicle due to its weight, rolling resistance force and drag force. Out of these three, drag and inertial forces play prominent…

1.   H-bridge is a combination of four BJT and diode pairs. Two transistors are switched simultaneously depending on the spin direction of the motor required. Q2 and Q3 – reverse direction                                                            …

1. Power converters are electrical and electronic circuits that are used to either convert DC to AC and vice versa or to convert one level of DC voltage into another one (step up or step down).   Power converters can be mainly classified as follows: DC to AC converters: This category is mainly comprised of inverters.…

1.) Objective:   Implement DC machine torque speed characteristics equations in MATLAB script file and   yield a plot of speed (RPM) versus torque (Nm).   In order top solve this problem, a brushed DC motor is taken into consideration which has   the characteristic equation as follows:                           …

AIM OF THE PROJECT: The main objectives of the project are: 1.) To extract 14 coefficients of each species and calculate the entropy, enthalpy and specific heat from the file given. 2.) To show the variation of these parameters against the corresponding temperature. 3.)To calculate the molecular weight of individual species.…

  AIM: To write a code in MATLAB to optimize stalagmite function and find the global Maxima of the same. THEORY: DEFINITION: GENETIC ALGORITHM is a search heuristic that is inspired by Charles Darwin theory of natural evolution. This algorithm reflects the process of natural selection where fittest individuals are…

AIM: To write a program in MATLAB/OCTAVE to describe transient behaviour of a simple pendulum and create an animation of it. THEORY: Ordinary Differential Equations(ODE) are a set of equations which can explain the motion of many mechanical systems which include springs and dampers. This project aims at solving an ODE…

1.Degrees Of Freedom is defined as the number of independent translational and rotational movements a link can have relative to another link.2.A ball joint provides three degrees of restraint.3.YES. Five links are necessary to provide five degrees of freedom in case of simple tension-compression members.

1.)  Given : Total weight, M = 1900 kgs F/R distribution = 55% Unsprung mass front = 90 kgs Unsprung mass rear = 60 kgs i.)sprung mass critical damping Cc = 2 * √(Kr * Ms) Kr = (Ks * Kt)/(Ks + Kt) A.) Front sprung mass critical damping Kr(f) = (20 * 250)/(20 + 250) Kr(f) = 5000/270 Kr(f) = 18.51 N/mm Total mass…

1. Given:  Wheelbase = 2700 mm = 2.7m Speed = 60mph = 60*1.6*5/18 Speed = 26.67 m/s Front sprung Mass natural frequency at design = 1.15 Hz i.)Time lag between front and rear suspension due to wheel base separation:  T(lag) = wheelbase/speed T(lag) = 2.7/26.67 T(lag) = 0.10 seconds In order to get a flat ride,…

1.) Roll and vertical force/length analysis: Wheel travel vs Roll angle 2.) Single wheel travel analysis   3.) Steering analysis Percent Ackerman vs steering angle(left): 4.) Cornering force(static) analysis Steer angle vs lateral load 5.) Braking(static) analysis Wheel envelope_ctr_x vs longitudinal braking 6.) Dynamic…

1.)Graph styles,titles,lables 2.)Plot configuration file i.)Export ii.)Import 3.)Export numerical data i.)Numerical data export - notepad ii.) Spreadsheet export iii.) HTML export 4.) Import numerical data Plots:   5.) Animation screenshot The required animation has been uploaded below in the form of attachment.

1.Double wishbone front suspension assembly:

1.) i.)camber gradient without hardpoint optimization   Slope = camber gradient = -0.0126 deg/mm i.e., for every 1 m vertical wheel travel, there will be -12.6 degrees of camber gain. ii)z- coordinates of LCA Ball joints are optimized along z-axis iii.)Effect of camber gradient with hardpoint optimization of LCA Ball…

1.) i.) ii.) 2.) i.) ii.) 3.) 4.) i.) ii.) 5.) 6.) i.) ii.)

  https://drive.google.com/open?id=1PJIus2YXGujGmKzuR0qxU_ogFmOEoxb6 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1LT8PrQpKr-Igaw2Zf1fX8NBlRzSTSypb https://drive.google.com/open?id=1uJC33lMR1XTycuL81Ryn8WCyYpITrZhV

1. Wheel rate is ususally different from the spring rate because of the motion ratio/installation ratio which defines the geometric relationship between the change in position of force element i.e., spring and the change in vertical wheel center movement. Motion ratio arises due to the fact that spring which is mounted…

1. If there were no bushings at all in the suspension or if all the components were hard mounted, there would still be compliance in the system. This compliance is obtained through spherical joints. 2. In front mounted rack setup, if suspension links are more compliant than the steering system, it results in understeer…

1. Negative caster is undesieable because it tends to aid the turning moment.This results in oversteer condition and destabilizes the vehicle. 2. Even though certain amount of positive caster increases the steering effort and provides directional stability, too much positive caster will tend to make the steering heavy.…

1. The values of the required geometric parametres are as follows: Caster = 5.37 degrees Mechanical trial = 9.41mm Kingpin Inclination = 10.0079 degrees Scrub Radius = 32.36 mm Longitudinal offset = 82.26 mm https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rxz9IRHzPrFE5j6e-ZecLZ9-PuufSkZ0/view?usp=drivesdk https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xWzO6TDMA1zCFD-LYS13uUx57uXrCVpx/view?usp=drivesdk…

Given data:  Track width=1600 mm Tire radius=300mm Assumption: 1. The setup consists of links rather than control arms. 2. Origin point (0,0) is the center of tire contact patch of the left wheel in the front view. 3. Only Y-Z plane is under consideration. Hardpoints: UCA Knuckle ball joint (105,425) UCA Subframe…

1. Yes. Theoretically, it is possible to completely prevent rear springs from extension during braking i.e, 100% anti dive is possible during braking.      For this to happen, the Side View Swing Arm must lie on the line passing through CG. 2.The maximum anti-squat the rear suspension of front wheel drive…

1. If the roll centre height increases, the body roll decreases assuming that the vertical distance between the roll centre and centre of gravity remains the same. 2.  When the roll centre is at the ground plane, the Roll Centre Height (RCH) becomes zero and the effect is as follows: The rolling moment increases compared…

1.Camber gain is necessary for two reasons: Camber gain is necessary to ensure that the wheels remain perpendicular to the ground during cornering in order to maximize contact area and the grip. By designing suspension to gain negative Camber in jounce, we can counteract the postive camber due to body roll during cornering.…

Suspension geometry with shorter swing arm would show higher variation of front and side view parameters. This is mainly because as the wheels starts heaving up and down during jounce and rebound of suspension, the swing arm traverse a circular path. So longer the Front View Swing Arm(FVSA), smaller will be the arc traversed…

1.Degrees Of Freedom is defined as the number of independent translational and rotational movements a link can have relative to another link. 2.A ball joint provides three degrees of restraint. 3.YES. Five links are necessary to provide five degrees of restraint in case of simple tension-compression members.