In this module, you will understand what CFD is and its significance. You’ll also learn what the Navier-Stokes equations are and how they’re derived.

• CFD - An introduction, necessity, advantages, CFD modeling process

• Deriving and understanding the Navier Stokes equations

• Substantial derivative

• Continuity equation

• Momentum equation

• Energy equation

• Significance of Reynold’s number in the NS equations

In this course, you will be writing solvers and getting your hands dirty with different numerical methods. Before we do this, it is very important to understand the essential mathematical and fluid dynamics concepts that you will encounter.

• Basic vector calculus

• Divergence, gradient, and curl

• Taylor’s series

• Initial and boundary conditions

• Classification of PDEs and their characteristics

• Learning essential Fluid Dynamics quantities and their dimensional analysis

It is essential to establish a rigid foundation before plunging into the farther depths of CFD. This is where you get introduced to MATLAB and learn the basic concepts of CFD by writing MATLAB scripts. Here are some topics that we would cover:

• Getting acclimated to the MATLAB interface

• Numerical discretization and its types

• FDM - understanding different schemes with worked examples in MATLAB

• Deriving own FD schemes using Taylor’s table

• Solving ODEs in MATLAB using the ‘ode45’ solver

In this section, you would venture into the Finite Difference Approach to discretization and solving various benchmark CFD problems in MATLAB. You’ll also be working on two major and two minor projects here. The list of projects are as follows;

• Solving the 1D linear convection equation and performing stability analysis

• Major Project: Simulating 2D unsteady/steady heat conduction equation and studying implicit vs explicit approaches

• Solving coupled linear systems using iterative solvers

• Jacobi

• Gauss-Seidel

• SOR

• Major Project: Simulating Quasi 1D subsonic-supersonic nozzle in FDM and studying conservation vs non-conservation forms of governing equations

OpenFOAM is an open-source toolbox with an in-built numerical solver and pre/post processors for solving CFD Problems. It is based on the Finite Volume Method of discretization. In this section, you will learn how to run a simulation on OpenFOAM and the significance of using an FVM approach. These are the topics you would learn:

• Finite Volume Method and Gauss divergence theorem

• Understanding the Linux environment

• OpenFOAM code organization and case setup

• Detailed blockMeshDict tutorial

It is important to get a real feel of problem-solving using the OpenFOAM software so that you can explore and simulate a wide variety of problems. In this module, we will create a platform that will enable you to start any simulation from scratch.

You will be working on the following major projects.

• Flow over Backward Facing Step

• Code the geometric mesh information inside the C file ‘blockMeshDict’

• Implement mesh grading factor

• Laminar flow through the pipe and Validate results

• Automate the ‘blockMeshDict’ generation on MATLAB

• Characterization of fully developed flow

• Explore different boundary conditions

In this module, you will learn about CFD and its uses. You will also be introduced to the basic governing equations solved and many schemes and algorithms used to stabilize and improve the accuracy of the solution.

• Governing equations of fluid motion

• Numerical discretization

• Fluid solver

• Boundary conditions

• Post-processing

In this module, the focus is to simulate basic compressible and incompressible flows using ANSYS Fluent.You will be introduced to the streamlined workflow on the Workbench tool from geometry creation to the solution post-processing procedure.

You will be getting hands-on experience in

• Geometry creation

• Meshing

• Boundary and initial condition calculation

• Setting up solution algorithms

• Solving and post-processing

In this module, the focus is to simulate basic compressible and incompressible steady-state simulations. This provides you an introduction to the solution setup procedure for a steady-state simulation.

You will get hands-on experience in

• Geometry creating using space claim

• How to setup steady-state simulations?

• Checking for convergence and understanding when the simulation converges for different Boundary Conditions?

• How to create runtime animation of engineering parameters?

• Project 1 - HVAC simulation inside a mixing TEE

• Project 2 - Performing a parametric study on flow inside a gate valve

• Project 3 - Performance characterization of a cyclone separator

Meshing is an important component in CFD analysis. Improper meshing can lead to bad results. In this module, you will learn the different meshing techniques that can improve the solution accuracy with a balanced computational cost.

• Methods of providing local refinement like a sphere of influence, body sizing, etc.
• Concept of Y plus and its importance
• Inflation layers and controls
• Mesh dependence test

You will learn the fundamentals of performing external flow analysis using ANSYS Fluent. It provides you with the knowledge on the boundary layer concept, needs of Y plus, and wall functions. Here, we will focus on the following topics.

• Setting up virtual wind tunnels using the enclosure utility

• Item 2

• Understand Vortices, calculating downforce & drag on a vehicle

• Y+ Estimation & grid refinement

In this module, you will learn how to simulate solid side heat transfer along with the fluid flow. Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) refers to simulating multiple modes of heat transfer. For example, in one of the projects, you will simulate the heat transfer in an exhaust manifold when hot exhaust products are flowing through it. When you complete this module, you will be able to do the following

• Extracting solid and fluid volumes
• Creating shared topologies for creating conformal meshes
• Setting up volumetric heat sources
• Visualizing heat transfer coefficient distribution

Discrete Phase Modelling (DPM) is used to model particles, fuel drops, coal and any other type of suspended phases. You will work on problems like Cyclone Separator, where you will incorporate the DPM approach to simulate how suspended impurities travel through a Cyclone Separator. You will be getting hands-on experience in

• Different types of Discrete Phase Boundary conditions and its effects

• Methods of tracking the Discrete Phase Particles

• Turbulence Intensity and Vortex Core Visualisation

You will learn how to write a customized program and create different monitor points and take the relevant information you need to form a simulation.

In this module, you will learn how to simulate reacting flows using ANSYS Fluent. This includes combustion applications.

• Molecular weight
• Moles
• Density
• Mass Fraction, Mole Fraction and PPM
• Vapor pressure
• Equation of state
• Air fuel ratio
• Equivalence ratio

• Enthalpy of reaction
• Adiabatic flame temperature
• Lower and higher heating values

• Full equilibrium
• Water-gas equilibrium
• Pressure effects
• Understanding NASA thermodynamic data files

• Global and elementary reactions
• Rate of a reaction
• Forward rate and backward rate
• CHEMKIN formatted mechanism file

In this module you will learn Python - an extremely popular programming language. You will learn Python by writing programs related to chemical kinetics. Once you are in a position to write simple programs in Python, we will introduce you to Cantera. With Cantera you will be able to simulate different types of combustion systems. Cantera is an extremely popular tool that is being used in several universities and organizations for research and industrial purposes.

• The objective of the module is to study the dependence of ignition delay time on: 
• Cylinder ambient gas temperature 
• Cylinder ambient gas pressure
• Injection pressure 
• Injector nozzle orifice diameter

While designing combustion systems, the flame speed plays an important role in determining their performance. In this module, you will learn how to calculate flame speeds. Note that this parameter depends upon the type of reaction mechanism that is being employed and the thermodynamic conditions in the combustion chamber. You will also perform a sensitivity analysis that helps you determine which of the elementary reactions are going to affect the flame speed the most.

In this module you will learn the following topics:

• Perfectly stirred reactor
• Steady-state combustion and its relevance for gas turbine applications
• Extinction and blow off limits
• Premixed, diffusion and partially premixed flames

In this module you will be trained in the core concepts that are used while simulating combustion in complex 3D geometry. Here you will learn about the current trends in cutting edge tools that are used in the industries.

In this module you will learn how to set up a CFD simulation using CONVERGE CFD. You will be provided with step-by-step instructions on the following:

• CAD import and cleanup

• Decomposing the model into boundaries and volumetric regions

• Inputting valve timing

• Choosing turbulence and combustion models

• Running the case in parallel environment

• Post processing

  
  

  
  

In this module, you will learn surface preparation in complete detail.

Specifically,

• Setting up the piston motion profile

• Boundary flagging

• Setting up the intake and exhaust valves

In this module, you will learn the following concepts:

• Initializing pressure, temperature and species concentration in the intake, Exhaust and fire deck regions

• Disconnect triangles

• Valve timing and the concept of minimum lift

• Valve profile input

In this module, you will learn how turbulence is modeled and simulated in a state-of-the-art CFD solver. You will learn about the different classes of turbulence models and understand their merits and demerits.

• Learn about RANS approach to model turbulence

• Comprehend the math involved behind RANS and its derivations

  
  

Learn theory on different types of turbulence models available (RNG k-ε, k-ω SST, etc.) and appreciate which model is suitable for which type of application.

In this module, you will learn how the SAGE detailed chemical kinetics solver works. In addition to this, you will also learn how to use the Shell CTC combustion model.

To design efficient engines, one needs to have a firm grasp of emissions modeling. You will learn about the Hiroyasu Soot Model and the Zeldovich Nox model and apply them in engine simulations.

GT-POWER is the industry's first choice when reliable results are needed for engine thermodynamics and combustion/emissions development. The intelligent integration of modules within it [GEM 3D; Cool 3D; GT - VTD; GT - TAItherm ] coupled with Simulink, Star CD, Converge, Fluent and other codes facilitates easy solutions for complex tasks early in the development phase and provides unparalleled accuracy during the detailed design phase.

• Need of a 1D thermodynamic simulation tool
• Overview of GT-POWER, GT valve train, GT cool, GT drive, etc.
• Introduction to GUI
• Templates and libraries
• Representation of engine parts
• Implicit vs Explicit approach
• Navier Stoke equation relevance

Over the past decade, an increase in air pollution all around the globe as well as the recognition that fossil fuels will not be available forever, has inspired OEMs to develop electrified powertrains. But, this has also opened the door to investigate new technologies that could significantly improve the ‘old fashioned’ combustion engine in both efficiency and emissions. In this section, you will get an in-depth look at the functioning of SI Engine operations.

• Challenges in SI engine modeling
• Combustion modeling approach
• Port injection and gasoline direct injection approach
• Tumble modeling
• Gas exchange modeling and analysis

Virtual prototyping is an efficient and effective way to test new ideas. In this module, you will look into some aspects of SI Engine including the basics of fuel spray in the combustion chamber, spray and wall film models accounting for premixed and sooting diffusion combustion detecting knock precise heat transfer modeling.

• Engine specifications for modeling
• Performance and emission prediction

Understanding the mechanics for modeling combustion in a CI Engine. These solutions play an integral role in engine simulations to accurately predict performance, fuel consumption, and engine-out emissions. Various models are available to predict combustion and pollutant formation based on in-cylinder conditions, knock, cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV), and other related processes.  

• Challenges in CI engine modeling
• DI pulse Combustion modeling approach
• Swirl modeling
• Turbocharger modeling

Further our understanding by modeling an ‘On-road’ application by calibrating critical CI Engine concepts such as ignition delay time for mixtures of air, fuel, and residual gases using detailed kinetics. This challenge enables the user to understand the correlations for ignition delay (CI) or knock (SI) that consider the effect of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio, residual gas fraction, fuel composition, etc.

• Engine specifications for modeling

• Performance and emission prediction

Turbocharging allows automakers to reduce engine size and emissions while continuing to deliver the power and performance consumers demand. Students will be taken across the turbine and compressor mechanics to understand the fluid flow and to improve overall engine performance, reduce pollutant formation, optimize NVH and ensure component durability. 

• Fixed geometry TC modeling
  
• Wastegate TC modeling
• Variable geometry turbine modeling
• Two-stage turbocharger modeling
• Supercharger modeling
• eTurbo modeling

GT-POWER engine models and the validated solution methodologies, can be used by the controls system engineer for ECU development, calibration, and testing to generate a fast running, real-time capable engine plant models. With seamless integration with Simulink and the most popular real-time software tools, controls engineers are empowered with the ability to run fully physical, crank angle resolved models, capable of predicting pressure wave dynamics and in-cylinder combustion in a real-time environment. Advanced control strategies, such as combustion control, can now be tested with a detailed physical engine model at significantly faster computation speeds with minimum effort and maximum accuracy, predictiveness, and fidelity.

• Introduction to FRM builder
• Modeling of various engines using FRM builder approach
• Crank-angle resolved, physically conservative formulation for accurate results
• Built-in DOE and neural network trainer for MV model development

The starting point for the development and optimization of exhaust gas after-treatment systems is 1D simulation. GT’s Quasi-steady-state AFT solver offers unmatched modeling depth, simple model setup, and extremely short simulation times – faster than real-time if desired. It solves the very demanding fluid flow, heat transfer, and chemical reactions taking place in after-treatment systems of modern IC engines by employing the most advanced set of physics and chemistry models. 

• Introduction to chemical kinetics
• Modeling precious metal catalysts
• Pre-defined test cases and scenarios

For the detailed 1D & 2D design of exhaust gas after-treatment components, GT-SUITE offers outstanding capabilities modeling all relevant physics and chemistry. This makes it a crucial element in the design, development, and optimization of both diesel and gasoline after-treatment devices. Together with GEM 3D, it forms a unique and dependable 1D/3D solution that can be applied consistently throughout the layout, concept and detailed design stages in both component and system development to provide a seamless development approach with the reuse of models and results among tools assuring maximum consistency and efficiency. The after-treatment system performance data integrated in-vehicle models are used to predict drive cycle emissions.

• Modeling 3-way cat con
• Modeling DOC
• Modeling DPF
• Modeling SCR

Every GT license includes full access to a built-in optimizer that allows optimization of any combination of model inputs (factors) to maximize, minimize, or target any single or multiple model outputs (responses). Key features include: Multiple local and global search algorithms to exploring design trade-offs among multiple competing responses and constraints with the multi-objective Pareto optimization tool and the NSGA-III [Genetic search algorithm].

• Design of experiments
• Single-factor optimization
• Multi-objective optimization
• Case study on gas exchange optimization

GEM3D is a 3D graphical pre-processor that combines building and importing tools used to create 1D GT-SUITE models from 3D geometries. From primitive components like pipes, flowsplits, etc. it can also be used to import 3D CAD models from other applications, like GT-SPACECLAIM.

• Introduction to SPACECLAIM
• Overview of GEM 3D
• Discretizing intake manifold
• Discretizing exhaust manifold

Build any hybrid configuration with any level of electrification, including but not limited to: 48-volt mild hybrids with an electric boost, strong power-split hybrid (HEV), parallel through-the road (TTR) plug-in hybrids (PHEV), or battery electric vehicles (BEV) using a comprehensive controls library, including finite state machines in GT-SUITE, or co-simulate with Simulink to develop and optimize control algorithms.

• Overview of hybrid system configuration
• Modeling of P0 and P1 configuration
• Built-in optimization and DOE tools to evaluate architectures, components, and control strategies

This session gives you a basic understanding of heat transfer in electrical and electronics cooling. The introduction to all the passive and active electronic systems and their considerations in doing simulations are explained.

• Thermal problems and challenges in electrical and electronics

• When to do thermal analysis

• Basics of heat transfer in electronics

• Analogy - electrical vs. thermal

• Thermal resistance and capacitance

• Thermal management at different levels – component/chip/package level, board level, and system level

• Different components in electronics

• Process of solving thermal issue using ICEPAK

• Most influential factors in thermal management of electronics

• Overview of Ansys ICEPAK (Software introduction)

This session helps you to build thermal models of electronic devices using ICEPAK primitive shapes. Also it provides an introduction to the whole layout of the software platform and helps you get familiar with it.

• Thermal simulation approach
• Different primitives and compound objects in ICEPAK with their uses in the thermal model
• Building the first project in ICEPAK
• Geometry creation using ICEPAK to capture geometric information, material properties, and boundary conditions
• Priorities of objects
• Setting up the first problem
• Meshing
• Solving the first problem
• Checking the convergence
• Post-processing and interpretation of results

In this module of the course, you will learn more about meshing the created geometry and the use of different meshing techniques. Upon completion of this module, you will be able to do the following:

• Conformal meshing
• Non- conformal meshing
• Cold-plate model with non-conformal meshing
• Zero slack with non-conformal meshing
• Multi-level meshing
• Mesh and model enhancement exercise
• Global refinement for a hex-dominant mesh
• Best practices for meshing complex geometries
• Hands-on meshing examples and home works

In this module, you will learn how to simulate natural convection problems. Also, the effect of cabinet size on the natural convection problem and setup considerations are discussed briefly. Some of the topics covered in this module include:

• Basics of natural convections

• Basics of buoyancy effect

• Design of thermal system for best use of natural convections

• Compare design alternatives

In this module, you will learn how to simulate forced convection problems. A brief intro on the fan curve, blade angle, and its impact on cooling due to swirl are discussed. Some of the topics covered in this module include:

• Basics of forced convections

• Uses of Heat Sink

• Understand Heat pipes Modeling and Nested Non-Conformal Meshing

• Choose a pump, fan, fluid mover to perform adequate fluid flow rate

• Hands-on examples and homework

In this lecture, You will be able to understand the Joule heating effect and the types of heat source profiles that can be provided in ICEPAK. Upon completion of this lecture, you will be able to

• Analyze heat generation due to Joule heating in electronic and electrical device

• PCB modeling: compact and detailed modeling

• Analyze trace heating in PCB in electronics

• Perform board-level electrothermal coupling

• Hands-on examples and homework

ICEPAK has the capability to import geometries from various CAD softwares, The geometries will be cleaned up and then converted into primitive shapes of ICEPAK based on the requirement and imported. In this module, you will understand

• CAD and ECAD import options within ICEPAK
• Design modeler/SpaceClaim
• Translation of MCAD geometry to ICEPAK native geometry
• Hands-on examples and homework

Radiation modelling is an important phenomenon in electronics cooling. The types of radiation models available and the effect of each model are discussed briefly on this module. Upon completing this module, you will be able to comprehend

• When to include radiation model (T^4)

• Different radiation models in ICEPAK

• User input properties and parameters

• Solar radiation / flux calculator

• Hands-on examples and homework

Understand how to utilize ANSYS ICEPAK to obtain useful post-processing results. You will learn how to get engineering quantities from your CFD simulation, learn to create cut-planes, streamlines, and much more.

• Vector plots
• Streamlines
• Contours
• Section planes
• Various post-processing methods and plots
• Reporting results
• Hands-on examples and homework

In this lecture, you will be able to use ICEPAK to solve some of the advanced and complex problems. The setup procedures to be followed during transient simulations and many advanced methods are discussed briefly.

• Analyze transient simulations

• Understand zoom-in modeling approach in ICEPAK

• Use of advanced methods in projects

• Hands-on examples and homework

Macros are used to fast-build ICEPAK models. In this session, you will learn to use some of the macros available in ICEPAK. Productivity macros are useful for model validation and performing routine tasks: automatic meshing, find zero-slack assemblies, copy assembly mesh settings, debug divergence, delete unused materials/parameters, and so on.

• JEDEC Test Chambers - Natural convection and forced convection
• PCB
• Detailed heat sink
• Datacenter components
• Create bonding wires

In this lecture you will be able to use ICEPAK dynamic-Q optimization method to solve design optimization problems. Such problems occur frequently in engineering applications where time-consuming numerical simulations may be used for function evaluations. By the end of this module, you will be able to comprehend

• When to use optimization

• Defining design variables and a parametric study in ICEPAK

• Setting up & running trials

• Define parametric runs and assign primary functions

• Function reporting and plotting